The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
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| 43942787 | DNA virus or RNA virus | A virus is called a ____ ___ or ___ ___ according to the kind of nucliec acid that makes up its genome | |
| 43942788 | capsid | The protein shell enclosing the viral genome | |
| 43942789 | obligate intracellular parasites | Viruses are ____ _____ ____. They can reproduce only within a host cell. | |
| 43942790 | host range | Each virus can infect only a limited range of gost cels called its___ __ | |
| 43942791 | lytic cycle | a pahge reproducive cycle that culminates in the death of the host cell | |
| 43942792 | virulent phage | A phage that reprouduces only by a lytic cycle | |
| 43942793 | restriction enzymes | cellular enzymes that recognize foriegners and cut them up | |
| 43942794 | lysogenic cycle | replicates the genome without destroying the host cell | |
| 43942795 | temperate phages | phages capable using both modes of reproducing within bacterium | |
| 43942796 | prophage | A phage genome that has been inserted into a specific site on the bacterial chromosome. | |
| 43942797 | viral envelope | virus equipped with outer membrane | |
| 43942798 | viral glycoprotiens | bind to specific receptor molecules on the surface of the host cell. | |
| 43942799 | ER | Viral gylcoprotiens for new envelopes are made by cellular enzymes in the_____. | |
| 43942800 | retrovirus | An RNA virus that reproduces by transcribing its RNA into DNA and then inserting the DNA into a cellular chromosome | |
| 43942801 | reverse transcriptase | An enzyme encoded by some certain viruses that uses RNA as a template for DNA synthesis | |
| 43942802 | provirus | Viral DNA that inserts into a host genome | |
| 43942803 | vaccines | harmless varients or derivatives of pathogenic microbes that stimulate the immune system to mount defenses against the actual pathogen | |
| 43942804 | emerging viruses | viruses that appear suddenly or that sudenly come to the attention of medical scientists | |
| 43942805 | horizontal transmission | a plant is infected from an external source of the virus | |
| 43942806 | vertical transmission | a plant inherits a viral infection from a parent | |
| 43942807 | viroid | plant pathogen composed of molecules of naked circular RNA | |
| 43942808 | prions | infectious proteins which appear to cause a number of degenerative brain diseases | |
| 43942809 | nucleoid | a dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell | |
| 43942810 | transformation transduction conjugation | Three processes that bring together bacterial DNA | |
| 43942811 | transformation | alternation of a bacterial cell's genotype and phenotype by the uptake of naked, foreign DNA | |
| 43942812 | transduction | phages carry bacterial genes from one host cell to another as a result of abberations in the phage reproductive cycle | |
| 43942813 | conjugation | bacteria sex | |
| 43942814 | F factor | fertility factor in bacteria | |
| 43942815 | plasmid | small ring of DNA that carries acessory genes | |
| 43942816 | episome | a genetic element that can either exsist as a plasmid or as a part of the bacterial chromosome | |
| 43942817 | F plasmid | the F factor in plasmid form | |
| 43942818 | transposoable element | a segment of DNA that can moce within the genome of a cell by means of a DNA or RNA intermediate | |
| 43942819 | transposition | the transposable elemt moves from one site in a cells DNA to another | |
| 43942820 | insertion sequence | simplest kind of transposable element | |
| 43942821 | transposase | enzyme that catalyzes transposition | |
| 43942822 | operator | an operon active repressor can attack too | |
| 43942823 | operon | unit of genetic function of cooridately regulated clusters of genes with related functions | |
| 43942824 | repressor | binds to an operator and blocks attachment of RNA polymerase to promotor | |
| 43942825 | regulatory gene | a gene that codes for a protein such as a repressor, that controls the transcription of anothher gene or group of genes | |
| 43942826 | corepressor | smal molecules that cooperates with a repressor protein to switch an operon off | |
| 43942827 | repressible operon | can be inhibited when a specfic small molecule binds allosterically to a regulatory protein | |
| 43942828 | inducer | specific small molecule that inactivvates the repressor in an operon | |
| 43942829 | cyclic AMP | made from ATP and is a common intracellular signaling molecule. | |
| 43942830 | activator | protien that binds to DNA and stimulates trancsription of a specific gene |
