www.eduvee.com Key terms for AP Biology. This covers the terms for Chapter 8 from Campbell Biology - Metabolism. Find more study resources and revision tools with questions at www.eduvee.com. It's FREE!
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| 2153957210 | energy | the capacity to do work | 0 | |
| 2153957211 | bioenergetics | the study of the energy transformations that take place in living organisms | 1 | |
| 2153957212 | metabolism | the complete set of chemical reactions that occur in living cells | 2 | |
| 2153957213 | NADPH | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) carrying electrons and bonded with a hydrogen (H) ion; the reduced form of NADP. | 3 | |
| 2153957214 | glucose | a simple monosaccharide (sugar) with a molecular formula of C6H12O6; it is a principal source of energy for cellular metabolism | 4 | |
| 2153957215 | adenosine triphosphate | a multifunctional nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme, often called the "molecular unit of energy currency" in intracellular energy transfer | 5 | |
| 2153957216 | enzyme | a globular protein that catalyses a biological chemical reaction | 6 | |
| 2153957217 | anabolism | the constructive metabolism of the body, as distinguished from catabolism | 7 | |
| 2153957218 | catabolism | destructive metabolism, usually including the release of energy and breakdown of materials | 8 | |
| 2153957219 | potential energy | Energy possessed by an object because of its position (in a gravitational or electric field), or its condition (as a stretched or compressed spring, as a chemical reactant, or by having rest mass). | 9 | |
| 2153957220 | chemical energy | The net potential energy liberated or absorbed during the course of a chemical reaction. | 10 | |
| 2153957221 | kinetic energy | The energy possessed by an object because of its motion, equal to one half the mass of the body times the square of its velocity. | 11 | |
| 2153957222 | endergonic reaction | A chemical reaction in which the standard change in free energy is positive, and energy is absorbed | 12 | |
| 2153957223 | Gibbs free energy | The difference between the enthalpy of a system and the product of its entropy and absolute temperature | 13 | |
| 2153957224 | exergonic reaction | A chemical reaction where the change in the Gibbs free energy is negative, indicating a spontaneous reaction | 14 | |
| 2153957225 | activation energy | The minimum energy required for a reaction to occur. | 15 | |
| 2153957226 | transition state | An intermediate state during a chemical reaction that has a higher energy than the reactants or the products. | 16 | |
| 2153957227 | catalysis | The increase in the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering its activation energy. | 17 | |
| 2153957228 | first law of thermodynamics | A version of the law of conservation of energy, specialized for thermodynamical systems, that states that the energy of an isolated system is constant and can neither be created nor destroyed. | 18 | |
| 2153957229 | work | A measure of energy expended by moving an object, usually considered to be force times distance. No work is done if the object does not move. | 19 | |
| 2153957230 | second law of thermodynamics | The law states every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe since all energy transfers result in the loss of some usable energy. | 20 | |
| 2153957231 | entropy | The tendency of a system that is left to itself to descend into chaos. | 21 | |
| 2153957232 | free energy | Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential that measures the useful or process-initiating work obtainable from a thermodynamic system at a constant temperature and pressure (isothermal, isobaric). | 22 | |
| 2153957233 | exergonic | Describing a reaction that releases energy (heat) into its environment. | 23 | |
| 2153957234 | energy coupling | Energy coupling occurs when the energy produced by one reaction or system is used to drive another reaction or system. | 24 | |
| 2153957235 | endergonic | Describing a reaction that absorbs (heat) energy from its environment. | 25 | |
| 2153957236 | hydrolysis | A chemical process of decomposition involving the splitting of a bond by the addition of water. | 26 | |
| 2153957237 | active site | The active site is the part of an enzyme where substrates bind and a reaction is catalyzed. | 27 | |
| 2153957238 | induced fit | Proposes that the initial interaction between enzyme and substrate is relatively weak, but that these weak interactions rapidly induce conformational changes in the enzyme that strengthen binding. | 28 | |
| 2153957239 | substrate | A reactant in a chemical reaction is called a substrate when acted upon by an enzyme. | 29 | |
| 2153957240 | allosteric site | a site other than the active site on an enzyme | 30 | |
| 2153957241 | cofactor | an inorganic molecule that is necessary for an enzyme to function | 31 | |
| 2153957242 | coenzyme | An organic molecule that is necessary for an enzyme to function. | 32 |
