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| 7687664916 | Cell cycle | The life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into two cells | 0 | |
| 7687670238 | Genome | A cell's endowment of DNA, it's genetic information | 1 | |
| 7687676980 | Somatic cells | All body cells except gametes | 2 | |
| 7687685454 | 46 | The number of chromosomes all eukaryotic organisms have in somatic cell nuclei | 3 | |
| 7687702916 | Mitosis | The process by which somatic cells divide, forming daughter cells that contain the same chromosome number as the parent cell. The division of the nucleus | 4 | |
| 7687708212 | Gametes | What type of cells are sperm and egg cells? | 5 | |
| 7687721474 | Haploid | The term used to describe the fact that human gametes have 23 chromosomes | 6 | |
| 7687732508 | Diploid | The term used to describe the fact that eukaryotic somatic cell nuclei have 46 chromosomes | 7 | |
| 7687737095 | Meiosis | The type of cell division that results in gametes | 8 | |
| 7687754607 | Sister chromatids | When the chromosomes are replicated, each duplicated chromosome consists of two _______, each with identical DNA sequences. When they separate, they are considered individual chromosomes | 9 | |
| 7687761961 | Centromere | The spot where two sister chromatids are attached | 10 | |
| 7687768185 | Cytokinesis | The division of the cell's cytoplasm. This comes after mitosis. | 11 | |
| 7687826074 | Interphase, Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase | Starting from interphase, list the phases of the cell cycle in order | 12 | |
| 7687836590 | G1, S, G2 | List the primary event phases of interphase in order | 13 | |
| 7687840777 | G1 phase | The cell grows while carrying out cell functions unique to its cell type. What event of interphase is this? | 14 | |
| 7687845739 | S phase | The cell continues to carry out its unique functions but importantly duplicates its chromosomes, thus making a copy of the DNA that makes up the cell's chromosomes. What event of interphase is this? | 15 | |
| 7687867099 | G2 phase | This is the gap after the chromosomes have been duplicated and just before mitosis. What even of interphase is this? | 16 | |
| 7687875961 | Prophase | 1. The chromatin becomes more tightly coiled into discrete chromosomes 2. The nucleoli disappear 3. The mitotic spindle (consisting of microtubules extending from the two centrosomes) begins to form in the cytoplasm |  | 17 |
| 7687890511 | Prometaphase | 1. The nuclear envelope begins to fragment, allowing the microtubules to attach to the chromosomes 2. The two chromatids of each chromosome are held together by protein kinetochores in the centromere region 3. The microtubules will attach to the kinetochores |  | 18 |
| 7687901774 | Metaphase | 1. The microtubules move the chromosomes to the metaphase plate at the equator of the cell. The microtubule complex is referred to as the spindle. 2. The centrioles have migrated to opposite poles in the cell, riding along on the developing spindle |  | 19 |
| 7687911705 | Anaphase | 1. Sister chromatids begin to separate, pulled apart by motor molecules interacting with kinetochore microtubules 2. The cell elongates, as the nonkinetochore microtubules ratchet apart with the help of motor molecules 3. By the end of anaphase, the opposite ends of the cell both contain complete and equal sets of chromosomes |  | 20 |
| 7687916403 | Telophase | 1. The nuclear envelopes reform around the sets of chromosomes located at opposite ends of the cell 2. The chromatin fiber of the chromosomes become less condensed 3. Cytokinesis begins, during which the cytoplasm of the cell is divided. In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms to divide the cytoplasm. In plant cells, a cell plate forms instead |  | 21 |
| 7687958861 | Cell cycle control system | The name given to what controls the steps of the cell cycle | 22 | |
| 7688096252 | G1, G2, M | List the major cell cycle checkpoints in order | 23 | |
| 7688108063 | Kinases | The protein enzymes that control the cell cycle. Some of them give the go-ahead signals at the G1 and G2 checkpoints | 24 | |
| 7688116664 | Cyclin proteins | Kinases must be connected to _______ to remain active | 25 | |
| 7688128151 | Cyclin dependent kinases (Cdk) | Because kinases must be connected to cyclin to remain active, they are considered _______ | 26 | |
| 7688150277 | MPF | Cyclin molecules combined with Cdk molecules | 27 | |
| 7688155281 | MPF switches itself off | How does the cell stop cell division? During anaphase ________, a process that leads to the destruction of cyclin molecules begins. Without cyclin molecules, Cdk molecules become inactive, bringing mitosis to halt | 28 | |
| 7688174937 | G1 phase checkpoint | During the ________, if the cell gets the go-ahead signal, it usually completes the whole cell cycle and divides. | 29 | |
| 7688210902 | G0 phase | If it does not receive the go-ahead signal during the G1 phase checkpoint, it enters a nondividing phase called __________ | 30 | |
| 7688229066 | Density dependent inhibition | The process in which crowded cells stop dividing | 31 | |
| 7688235914 | Anchorage dependency | Normal cells must be attached to a substratum, like the extracellular matrix of a tissue, to divide | 32 | |
| 7688244091 | Transformation | The process that changes a normal cell to a cancer cell | 33 | |
| 7688247012 | Tumor | A mass of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue | 34 | |
| 7688249151 | Benign tumor | If the abnormal cells remain at the original site, the lump is called a _________ | 35 | |
| 7688254284 | Malignant tumor | If the abnormal cells become invasive enough to impair the functions of one or more organs, the lump is called a ________. A patient with this is said to have cancer | 36 | |
| 7688268686 | Metastasis | The process in which malignant tumors may have cells that separate from the original tumor and spread by entering blood vessels of lymph vessels. | 37 |
