Cell membrane structure and functions
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| 6733473270 | Selective Permeability | Allows some substances to cross more easily than others | 0 | |
| 6733473271 | phospholipid bilayer | a double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma membranes |  | 1 |
| 6733473272 | Integral Proteins | Proteins that extend through the phospholipid bilayer. |  | 2 |
| 6733473273 | Peripheral Proteins | A protein loosely attached to the surface of a membrane | | 3 |
| 6733473274 | Glycoproteins | proteins that have carbohydrates covalently bonded to them | 4 | |
| 6733473275 | cholesterol | steroid present in the plasma membranes of animal cells. A large amount of this in a phospholipid bilayer at High Temperatures reduces membrane fluidity, but at Lower Temperature prevents the membrane from solidifying. |  | 5 |
| 6733473276 | Concentration Gradient | a difference in the concentration of a substance across a space | 6 | |
| 6733473277 | Diffusion | the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, so that they spread out evenly reaching equilibrium |  | 7 |
| 6733473278 | Osmosis | The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane | 8 | |
| 6733473279 | Transport Proteins | proteins that help to transport substances across cell membranes |  | 9 |
| 6733473280 | Aquaporins | Channel proteins that help massive amount of water pass through the membrane; a lot in our kidneys | 10 | |
| 6733473281 | Passive Transport | movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy | 11 | |
| 6733473282 | Isotonic | a solution whose solute concentration equals that inside a cell; the cell will not change |  | 12 |
| 6733473283 | Hypertonic | the solution with the greater concentration of solutes than that inside the cell; the cell will lose water to its environment--> Cell will shrivel up |  | 13 |
| 6733473284 | Hypotonic | the solution with the lower concentration of solutes than that inside the cell; water will enter the cell -> Cell will swell and burst |  | 14 |
| 6733473285 | Osmoregulation | The control of water balance | 15 | |
| 6733473286 | Turgid | Very firm (healthy state), especially for plant cells | 16 | |
| 6733473287 | Plasmolysis | As a plant cell shrivels its plasma membrane pulls away from the wall |  | 17 |
| 6733473288 | Facilitated Diffusion | passive transport of ions or polar molecules across a plasma membrane by transport proteins | | 18 |
| 6733473289 | Active Transport | transport of a substance through a cell membrane against the concentration gradient; requires energy |  | 19 |
| 6733473290 | Sodium-Potassium Pump | a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell |  | 20 |
| 6733473291 | Exocytosis | process by which a cell releases large amounts of material by vesicles |  | 21 |
| 6733473292 | Endocytosis | the movement of a substance into a cell by a vesicle | 22 | |
| 6733473293 | Phagocytosis | a type of endocytosis in which microbes are taken in by immune cells of animals (mainly by macrophages) |  | 23 |
| 6733473294 | Pinocytosis | cellular drinking |  | 24 |
| 6733473295 | Receptor-mediated endocytosis | Taking in large amount of specific substances by binding to receptors, which form vesicles and are then taken in by the cell |  | 25 |
| 6733473296 | osmotic pressure | The force required to resist the movement of water by osmosis. Osmotic pressure is a measure of the concentration of a solution. A solution that is highly concentrated has a strong tendency to draw water into itself, so the pressure required to resist that movement would be high. Thus, highly concentrated solutions are said to have high osmotic pressures. | 26 | |
| 6733501108 | Selective permeability | allows some things to come through and some not | 27 | |
| 6733503971 | Turgid | swollen as from a fluid; bloated | 28 | |
| 6733505989 | Amphipathic molecule | A molecule that has both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region. | 29 | |
| 6733508058 | Fluid mosaic model | The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure, which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids. | 30 | |
| 6733530693 | Water Potential | movement of water from where there is high potential to low potential; based upon solute and pressure components | 31 | |
| 6733533081 | Solute Potential | =-iCRT i = ionization constant (NaCl = 2, glucose = 1) C = concentration (M) R = constant (0.0831 mol-liters/bar K) T = temperature (K) more solute = lower overall potential |  | 32 |
| 6733534534 | Pressure Potential | measurement of pressure, in an open container usually = 0 |  | 33 |
