Master these terms and concepts for the chapter 9 exam.
Terms : Hide Images
| 6133340426 | glycolysis | The first step in releasing the energy of glucose, in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid. |  | 0 |
| 6133340428 | cellular respiration | The process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen; made up of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. |  | 1 |
| 6133340429 | NAD+ | The electron carrier involved in glycolysis; it accepts a pair of high energy electrons in glycolysis and Krebs cycle. |  | 2 |
| 6133340430 | fermentation | The process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen; can last 1-3 minutes. |  | 3 |
| 6133340431 | anaerobic | Any process that does not require oxygen (glycolysis and fermentation). |  | 4 |
| 6133340432 | aerobic | Any process that requires oxygen (Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain). |  | 5 |
| 6133340433 | Krebs cycle | second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions. |  | 6 |
| 6133340434 | The number of A.T.P. produced by glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain on average (respectively) per molecule of glucose. | 2, 2, and ~32 | 7 | |
| 6133340435 | The total number of NADH produced by glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain per molecule of glucose. | 10 | 8 | |
| 6133340436 | Another molecule, besides NAD+ which can accept a pair of high energy electrons. | FAD | 9 | |
| 6133340437 | The specific location in which the Krebs cycle takes place inside a mitochondrion. | matrix | 10 | |
| 6133340438 | electron transport chain | A series of proteins in which the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle & glycolysis are used to convert ADP into ATP. |  | 11 |
| 6133340451 | citric acid | The first product formed by the Krebs cycle; a 6 carbon compound. | 12 | |
| 6133340453 | mitochondria cristae | Inner mitochondrial membrane that contains the various proteins of the electron transport chain. |  | 13 |
| 6133340454 | Oxidative phosphorylation | A process which includes the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. |  | 14 |
| 6133340455 | chemiosmosis | The production of ATP in the electron transport chain as a result of H+ flowing though the protein ATP synthase from the inner mitochondrial space tot the matrix. |  | 15 |
| 6133340456 | 38 | % of the total energy that cellular respiration is able to "capture" from one glucose molecule. | 16 | |
| 6133340457 | lactic acid | Type of fermentation in human muscle cells under anaerobic conditions which allow for the production of NAD+ to allow glycolysis to continue for around 90 seconds. | 17 | |
| 6213638485 | Acetyl CoA | molecule that enters the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; product of partial oxidation of pyruvate | 18 |
