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AP Biology Cell Signaling Flashcards

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5742928992Local SignalsCells communicating by direct contact0
5742928994Paracrine SignalingLocal regulator released directly onto one cell by another1
5742928996HormonesChemical messengers that travel a long distance2
5742928998ReceptionDelivery of a signal to a cell3
5742929000G protein-coupled-receptorMembrane receptor that activates a G protein when a ligand is present.4
5742929002Receptor Tyrosine KinaseMembrane receptors that attach phosphates to tyrosines5
5742929004Ligand-gated Ion ChannelReceptor opens like a gate when a ligand is present to allow ions in6
5742929005Hormone receptor complexIntracellular receptors join to form this (not at the cell membrane but rather)7
5742929006TransductionInvolves multiple steps that include turning a sequence of proteins on and off to get a response from the cell8
5742929007Protein KinasesDoes phosphorylation and turns "on" a protein9
5742929008Protein PhosphatasesDoes dephosphorylation and turns "off" a protein10
5742929009Second MessengersSmall molecules that diffuse throughout the cell to carry the signal during transduction (such as cAMP)11
5742933194LigandAny molecule that bonds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule. Signal molecules; hormones.12

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