This basic review covers bacteria, viruses, eukaryotic cells, cell theory, organelles, cell membrane structure, and passive and active transport.
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| 4392158407 | Prokaryotic cell | Simple, no nucleus, many have cell wall with peptidoglycan, bacteria |  | 0 |
| 4392158408 | Eukaryotic cell | Complex cell with a nucleus and many membrane-bound organelles |  | 1 |
| 4392158409 | Organelle | "little organ" - compartmentalized structures that perform specific functions |  | 2 |
| 4392158410 | Bacterial genome (chromosome) | Very short, single circular chromosome that floats in the nucleoid region; no histones |  | 3 |
| 4392158412 | Cell | Basic functional unit of all living things |  | 4 |
| 4392158413 | Cell theory | All organisms are made of one or more cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. Cells come from other cells. | 5 | |
| 4392158414 | Cell membrane | Separates internal metabolic events from the external environment, controls movement of materials into and out of the cell |  | 6 |
| 4392158415 | Nucleus | Contains DNA and acts as the control center of the cell |  | 7 |
| 4392158416 | Nuclear envelope | Two phospholipid bilayers that surround the nucleus; contain nuclear pores to allow RNA and ribosomes to exit; connects to rough ER |  | 8 |
| 4392158417 | Eukaryotic chromosomes | DNA double helix and histones associated together; multiple linear chromosomes |  | 9 |
| 4392158419 | Nucleolus | Found within nucleus; makes ribosomes |  | 10 |
| 4392158420 | Ribosomes | Make proteins; consist of small and large subunit; composed of rRNA and proteins |  | 11 |
| 4392158421 | Free ribosomes | Float in the cytosol; produce proteins used within the cell | 12 | |
| 4392158423 | Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | Ribosomes attached to surface; creates glycoproteins, packages proteins for secretion, sends transport vesicles to Golgi, |  | 13 |
| 4392158424 | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | No ribosomes; makes lipids and steroid hormones, stores calcium and helps regulate muscle contraction, breakdown of toxins, drugs, and toxic by-products, synthesis of phospholipids for membranes |  | 14 |
| 4392158425 | Golgi apparatus/body/complex | Collect and modify proteins and lipids made in other areas of the cell and package them into vesicles; as proteins exit, they are packaged in a vesicle that goes through exocytosis |  | 15 |
| 4392158426 | Lysosomes | Contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down food, cellular debris, and foreign invaders like bacteria |  | 16 |
| 4392158427 | Peroxisomes | Break down various toxic substances like hydrogen peroxide, fatty acids, and amino acids |  | 17 |
| 4392158428 | Mitochondria | Perform cellular respiration to convert glucose into ATP |  | 18 |
| 4392158429 | Chloroplasts | Perform photosynthesis to convert sunlight into glucose |  | 19 |
| 4392158430 | Cytoskeleton | Network of protein fibers extending from the nucleus to the membrane - structural support, motility, and transport |  | 20 |
| 4392158431 | Microtubules | polymer of Tubulin; provides support and motility for cellular activities; found in spindle fibers, flagella, and cilia | 21 | |
| 4392158432 | Intermediate filaments | Keratin; provide support for maintaining cell shape | 22 | |
| 4392158433 | Microfilaments (actin filaments) | Actin; involved in cell motility, found in muscle cells and amoeba; in plants, they promote cytoplasmic streaming | 23 | |
| 4392158434 | Centrioles | Microtubule organizing center; located in centrosome; make up and organize spindle fibers during cell division |  | 24 |
| 4392158435 | Cilia | Extension of the cytoskeleton that allow the cell to move; oar-like movement that moves the cell perpendicular to the cilium; many and short |  | 25 |
| 4392158436 | Flagella | Extension of the cytoskeleton that allow the cell to move; whip-like movement; cell moves in same direction as flagellum; few and long |  | 26 |
| 4392158437 | Transport vesicle | Move materials through the cell |  | 27 |
| 4392158438 | Food vacuole | Temporary receptacle of nutrients, often merge with lysosomes for digestion | 28 | |
| 4392158440 | Central vacuoles | Large bodies occupying most of the interior of many plant cells; maintain rigidity of cell wall, stores things (nutrients, waste, water) |  | 29 |
| 4392158441 | Cell wall | Provide support for the cell on the outside of the plasma membrane; found in plants, fungi, and many protists; plants = cellulose cell wall, fungi = chitin cell wall |  | 30 |
| 4392158444 | Gap junctions | Communicating junctions in animals that transfer chemical/electrical signals |  | 31 |
| 4392158445 | Plasmodesmata | Communicating junctions in plants that transfer chemical/electrical signals |  | 32 |
| 4392158446 | Organelles only in plants | Cell wall, chloroplast, central vacuole | 33 | |
| 4392158447 | Organelles only in animals | Centrioles, lysosomes, cholesterol in the plasma membrane | 34 | |
| 4392158448 | Endosymbiotic theory | Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from ancient prokaryotes that invaded other prokaryotic cells, and formed a symbiotic relationship |  | 35 |
| 4392158449 | Evidence for endosymbiotic theory | Mitochondria and chloroplasts possess their own DNA similar to prokaryotes; ribosomes resemble that of prokaryotes; they reproduce independently of the cell; two membranes may have resulted from vesicular endocytosis. | 36 |
