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AP Biology: Cell Structure Flashcards

Vocabulary words from the AP Edition of Campbell Biology, Chapter 6.

Terms : Hide Images
7466907859organellesmembrane-enclosed structures within a eukaryotic cell0
7466907860cytosola jellylike substance where organelles and other components are found1
7466907861eukaryotic cellCell with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles2
7466907862prokaryotic cellCell with no nucleus nor membrane bound organelles3
7466907863nucleoid regiona non-membrane-enclosed region of the cell where prokaryotic DNA is found4
7466907864cytoplasmthe region in a cell between the cell membrane and nucleus; it contains the cell structures and oganelles5
7466907865plasma membraneThe selective barrier that surrounds a cell; it controls what enters and leaves the cell6
7466907866nucleuschromosome-containing part of a eukaryotic cell7
7466907867nuclear envelopeencloses the nucleus to separate its contents from the cytoplasm8
7466907871nucleoluslocated in the nucleus, makes, synthesizes, and partially assembles ribosomes9
7466907872ribosomesmade of ribosomal RNA and protein, synthesize proteins10
7466907873endomembrane systemmembranes that divide the cell into organelles such as the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, and the cell membrane.11
7466907874endoplasmic reticulum (ER)accounts for more than half of total membrane in many eukaryotic cells, continuous with the nuclear envelope12
7466907875smooth ERportion of the endoplasmic reticulum free of ribosomes, synthesize lipids, detoxifies the cell, and regulates calcium levels13
7466907876rough ERportion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes, produce and transport membrane and secretory proteins14
7466907877glycoproteinsproteins with covalently-bonded carbohydrates that play a role in cell to cell interaction15
7466907878transport vesiclesvesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another16
7466907879Golgi apparatusstack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum17
7466907880lysosomemembranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes, which the cell uses to digest unwanted materials18
7466907881phagocytosisthe process by which a cell engulfs a solid particle19
7466907882autolysislysosomes break down damaged organelles20
7466907883food vacuolesformed by phagocytosis, pinches off from plasma membrane and encloses a food particle21
7466907884contractile vacuolespump excess water out of the cell to maintain a suitable concentration of ions and molecules in the cell22
7466907885central vacuolethe largest organelle in a plant cell. It is surrounded by the tonoplast and functions to hold materials and wastes. It also functions to maintain the proper pressure within plant cells23
7466907886mitochondriachemically convert chemical (food) energy into usable ATP energy through cellular respiration24
7466907887chloroplastscontain chlorophyll which help absorb solar energy in order to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars during photosynthesis25
7466907898flagellaa long tail-like structure that aids in cell movement26
7466907899ciliaa short hair-like structures that enable movement of cells or movement of materials outside a cell, utilizes a back-and-forth motion27
7466907905cell wallextracellular structure specific to plant cells, protects the cell, maintains its shape, and prevents excessive water uptake28

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