This basic review covers bacteria, viruses, eukaryotic cells, cell theory, organelles, cell membrane structure, and passive and active transport.
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| 5387635722 | Prokaryotic cell | Simple, no nucleus, many have cell wall with peptidoglycan, bacteria |  | 0 |
| 5387635723 | Eukaryotic cell | Complex cell with a nucleus and many membrane-bound organelles |  | 1 |
| 5387635724 | Organelle | "little organ" - compartmentalized structures that perform specific functions |  | 2 |
| 5387635727 | Cell | Basic functional unit of all living things |  | 3 |
| 5387635729 | Cell membrane | Separates internal metabolic events from the external environment, controls movement of materials into and out of the cell |  | 4 |
| 5387635730 | Nucleus | Contains DNA and acts as the control center of the cell |  | 5 |
| 5387635731 | Nuclear envelope | Two phospholipid bilayers that surround the nucleus; contain nuclear pores to allow RNA and ribosomes to exit; attaches to rough ER |  | 6 |
| 5387635734 | Nucleolus | Found within nucleus; makes ribosomes |  | 7 |
| 5387635735 | Ribosomes | Make proteins; consist of small and large subunit; composed of rRNA and proteins |  | 8 |
| 5387635736 | Free ribosomes | Float in the cytosol; produce proteins used within the cell | 9 | |
| 5387635737 | Bound ribosomes | Attached to rough ER; make proteins for export from the cell | 10 | |
| 5387635738 | Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | Ribosomes present; creates glycoproteins, packages proteins for secretion, sends transport vesicles to Golgi, makes replacement membranes |  | 11 |
| 5387635739 | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | No ribosomes; makes lipids and steroid hormones, metabolizes carbs, stores calcium and helps regulate muscle contraction, breakdown of toxins, drugs, and toxic by-products |  | 12 |
| 5387635740 | Golgi apparatus/body/complex | Collect and modify proteins and lipids made in other areas of the cell and package them into vesicles; as proteins exit, they are packaged in a vesicle that goes through exocytosis |  | 13 |
| 5387635741 | Lysosomes | Contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down food, cellular debris, and foreign invaders like bacteria |  | 14 |
| 5387635742 | Peroxisomes | Break down various toxic substances like hydrogen peroxide, fatty acids, and amino acids |  | 15 |
| 5387635743 | Mitochondria | Perform cellular respiration to convert glucose into ATP |  | 16 |
| 5387635744 | Chloroplasts | Perform chloroplasts to convert sunlight into glucose |  | 17 |
| 5387635745 | Cytoskeleton | Network of protein fibers extending from the nucleus to the membrane - structural support, motility, and regulation |  | 18 |
| 5387635746 | Microtubules | Tubulin; provides support and motility for cellular activities; found in spindle fibers, flagella, and cilia | 19 | |
| 5387635747 | Intermediate filaments | Keratin; provide support for maintaining cell shape | 20 | |
| 5387635748 | Microfilaments (actin filaments) | Actin; involved in cell motility, found in muscle cells and amoeba; in plants, they promote cytoplasmic streaming | 21 | |
| 5387635749 | Centrioles | Microtubule organizing center; located in centrosome; make up and organize spindle fibers during cell division |  | 22 |
| 5387635750 | Cilia | Extension of the cytoskeleton that allow the cell to move; oar-like movement that moves the cell perpendicular to the cilium; many and short |  | 23 |
| 5387635751 | Flagella | Extension of the cytoskeleton that allow the cell to move; whip-like movement; cell moves in same direction as flagellum; few and long |  | 24 |
| 5387635752 | Transport vesicle | Move materials through the cell |  | 25 |
| 5387635753 | Food vacuole | Temporary receptacle of nutrients, often merge with lysosomes for digestion | 26 | |
| 5387635754 | Contractile vacuoles | Collect and pump excess water out of the cell |  | 27 |
| 5387635755 | Central vacuoles | Large bodies occupying most of the interior of many plant cells; maintain rigidity of cell wall, stores things, allows cell to "grow" |  | 28 |
| 5387635756 | Cell wall | Provide support for the cell on the outside of the plasma membrane; found in plants, fungi, and many protists |  | 29 |
| 5387635759 | Organelles only in plants | Cell wall, chloroplast, central vacuole | 30 | |
| 5387635760 | Organelles only in animals | Centrioles, lysosomes, cholesterol in the plasma membrane | 31 | |
| 5387635761 | Endosymbiotic theory | Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from ancient prokaryotes that invaded other prokaryotic cells, and formed a symbiotic relationship |  | 32 |
| 5387635762 | Evidence for endosymbiotic theory | Mitochondria and chloroplasts possess their own DNA similar to prokaryotes; ribosomes resemble that of prokaryotes; they reproduce independently of the cell; two membranes may have resulted from vesicular endocytosis. | 33 |
