Campbell's Ch 6, 7: structure and function, prokaryotes v eukaryotes, mvmnt of substances, protein function. Also Cliff's AP Bio 4th ed., Ch 3: Cells.
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| 8814537726 | plasma membrane | cell structure that maintains the cell in homeostasis by regulating the materials that enter and leave the cell. |  | 0 |
| 8814537727 | selectively permeable | allows: small, unchanged, polar molecules; hydrophobic molecules blocks: large polar molecules; ions |  | 1 |
| 8814537728 | integral proteins | type of protein that spans the entire phospholipid bilayer |  | 2 |
| 8814537729 | peripheral proteins | type or protein that is attached to one side of the cell membrane. |  | 3 |
| 8814537730 | channel proteins | a type of protein that serves for the passage of hydrophillic (polar) substances |  | 4 |
| 8814537731 | aquaporins | channel proteins that transport water into the cell. |  | 5 |
| 8814537732 | ion channels | integral proteins that allow the entrance of specific ions into and out of the cell. |  | 6 |
| 8814537733 | gated channels | Type of integral protein which opens and closes its ion channels in response to stimuli EX: nerve and muscle cells |  | 7 |
| 8814537734 | carrier proteins | type of integral protein which change their shape in response to a specific molecule to allow their passage into or out of the cell. |  | 8 |
| 8814537735 | pumps | type of integral protein which use ATP (active transport) to transport molecules against their concentration gradient across a membrane. EX: sodium-potassium pump |  | 9 |
| 8814537740 | nucleus | contains DNA and nucleoli; site of cell division |  | 10 |
| 8814537741 | chromatin | non condensed DNA |  | 11 |
| 8814537742 | chromosomes | DNA condensed into thread-like structures |  | 12 |
| 8814537744 | ribosome | organelle made up of 2 RNA subunits + proteins; free or bound; location of protein synthesis |  | 13 |
| 8814537745 | smooth ER | organelle belonging to the endomembrane system whose function is to synthesize lipids and steroids, store and release Ca+, and detoxification |  | 14 |
| 8814537746 | rough ER | Organelle belonging to the endomembrane system whose function is to transport and modify the proteins made by its ribosomes. |  | 15 |
| 8814537747 | golgi apparatus | Organelle belonging to the endomembrane system whose function is to collect, modify, and package proteins and lipids. |  | 16 |
| 8814537748 | lysosomes | organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes; break down material in cytosol for recycling; low pH |  | 17 |
| 8814537749 | peroxisomes | organelles who breakdown H202, fatty acids, AAs; plants: modify by-products of photosynthesis |  | 18 |
| 8814537750 | mitochondria | organelle who carries out aerobic cellular respiration; two membranes allow separation of metabolic processes |  | 19 |
| 8814537751 | chloroplasts | organelle in plants and some protists in which photosynthesis occurs; two membranes |  | 20 |
| 8814537754 | centrioles | organelles found in animal cells only which are a microtubule organizing centers; create spindle apparatus during cell division |  | 21 |
| 8814537757 | contractile vacuoles | collect and pump water in cell |  | 22 |
| 8814537758 | central vacuoles | (plant cells only) contain most of plant cell interior; exert tugor when full for cell rigidity; functions specialized: 1) store starch, nutrients, waste, etc. 2) lysosome function 3) cell growth by absorbing H20 4) renders large SA-to-V ratio |  | 23 |
| 8814537759 | cell walls | (plant cells only) support |  | 24 |
| 8814537761 | tight junctions | (animals) seal that prevents cellular exchange |  | 25 |
| 8814537762 | gap junctions | (animals) (communication) narrow tunnels; basically channel protein connecting 2 cells |  | 26 |
| 8814537763 | plasmodesmata | (plants) (communication) narrow tunnels; like gap junctions |  | 27 |
| 8814537764 | prokaryotes | type of simple small cell who only has a plasma membrane, DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and a cell wall. |  | 28 |
| 8814537765 | hypertonic | solution with a lower water potential than another. |  | 29 |
| 8814537766 | hypotonic | solution with a higher water potential than another. |  | 30 |
| 8814537767 | isotonic | two solutions with equal water potentials; dynamic equilibrium. |  | 31 |
| 8814537768 | bulk flow | collective transport of substances within the cell in response to pressure |  | 32 |
| 8814537769 | passive transport | [higher] to [lower]; increases w/ increase in [x], temp., smaller particle size |  | 33 |
| 8814537770 | diffusion | random mvmnt leads to net mvmnt from [high] to [low] |  | 34 |
| 8814537771 | osmosis | diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane |  | 35 |
| 8814537772 | turgor pressure | a type of pressure caused by water entering a plant cell placed in a hypotonic environment. |  | 36 |
| 8814537773 | plasmolysis | a consequence of a plant cell placed in a hypertonic environment. |  | 37 |
| 8814537775 | facilitated diffusion | diffusion through channel or carrier proteins |  | 38 |
| 8814537776 | active transport | [lower] to [higher]; requires use of E (usually ATP) | | 39 |
| 8814537778 | exocytosis | fuse w/ membrane, release contents outside cell |  | 40 |
| 8814537779 | endocytosis | capture substance outside cell, fuse w/ membrane, release contents into cell; 3 types: phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated |  | 41 |
| 8814537780 | phagocytosis | cellular eating; undissolved material enters cell; forms phagocytic vesicle |  | 42 |
| 8814537781 | pinocytosis | cellular drinking; dissolved material enters cell; forms liquid vesicle |  | 43 |
| 8814537782 | receptor-mediated endocytosis | specific molec. (ligands) binds to site, resulting in pinocytosis |  | 44 |
| 8814537783 | water potential | movement of water from where there is high potential to low potential; based upon solute and pressure components |  | 45 |
| 8814537784 | apoptosis | programmed cell death | 46 | |
| 8814537786 | ligand | signaling molecule | 47 |
