AP Biology Chapter 16 Vocab
Terms : Hide Images
| 1878118626 | Bacteriophage | A virus that infects bacteria | 0 | |
| 1878118627 | DNA ligase | A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3' end of one DNA fragment to the 5' end of another DNA fragment | 1 | |
| 1878118628 | DNA Polymerase | An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA by the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of an existing chain | 2 | |
| 1878118629 | Helicase | An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication fork, separating the two strands and making them available as template strands | 3 | |
| 1878118630 | Lagging strand | A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork | 4 | |
| 1878118631 | Leading strand | The new complementary DNA strand synthesized continuously along the template strand toward the replication fork in the mandatory 5' --> 3' direction | 5 | |
| 1878118632 | Nuclease | An enzyme that cuts DNA or RNA, either removing one or a few bases or hydrolyzing the DNA and RNA completely into its component nucleotides | 6 | |
| 1878118633 | Nucleotide Excision Repair | A repair system that removes and then correctly replaces a damaged segment of DNA using the undamaged strand as a guide | 7 | |
| 1878118634 | Okazaki Fragment | A short segment of DNA synthesized away from the replication fork on a template strand during DNA replication, many of which are joined together to form the lagging strand | 8 | |
| 1878118635 | Histone | A small protein molecule with a high proportion of positively charged amino acids that binds to the negatively charged DNA and plays a key role in chromatin structure | 9 | |
| 1878118636 | Primase | An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the primer using the parental DNA strand as a template | 10 | |
| 1878118637 | Primer | A short stretch of RNA with a free 3' end, bound by the complimentary base pairing to the template strand, that is elongated with DNA nucleotides during DNA replication | 11 | |
| 1878118638 | Repetitive DNA | Nucleotide sequences, usually noncoding, that are present in many copies in the DNA of a eukaryotic genome. They may be long or short and may be located next to each other or dispersed in the DNA | 12 | |
| 1878118639 | Semiconservative Model | Type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand, derived from the old molecule, and one newly made strand | 13 | |
| 1878118640 | Single Strand Binding Protein | A protein that binds to the unpaired DNA strands during DNA replication, stabilizing them and holding them apart while they serve as templates for the synthesis of complementary strands of DNA | 14 | |
| 1878118641 | Telomere | The tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of a eukaryotic chromosome's DNA molecule that protects the organism's genes from being eroded during successive rounds of replication | 15 | |
| 1878118642 | Telomerase | An enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres in eukaryotic germ cells | 16 | |
| 1878118643 | Transformation | A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell | 17 | |
| 1878118644 | euchromatin | The less condensed form of eukaryotic chromatin that is available for transcription | 18 | |
| 1878118645 | heterochromatin | Eukaryotic chromatin that remains highly compacted during interphase and is generally not transcribed | 19 | |
| 1878118646 | mismatch repair | The cellular process that uses specific enzymes to remove and replace incorrectly paired nucleotides | 20 | |
| 1878118647 | template strand | The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript. | 21 | |
| 1878118648 | topoisomerase | A protein that breaks, swivels, and rejoins DNA strands to relieve strain in the double helix ahead of the replication fork | 22 | |
| 1878118649 | nucleoid | A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell | 23 |
