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AP Biology Ch 51: Behavioral Biology Vocabulary Flashcards

AP Biology Chapter 51: Behavioral Biology Vocabulary

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94459367Ethologythe study of animal behavior in natural conditions.0
94459368Fixed action pattern (FAP)a sequence of behavioral acts that is especially unchangeable and usually carried to completion once initiated. pg. 11241
94459369Sign stimulusa FAP that is triggered by an external sensory stimulus. pg. 11242
94459370Behavior ecologythe research field that views behavior as an evolutionary adaptation to the ecological conditions of animals. pg 11263
94459371Foragingfood obtaining behaviors including not only eating, but the mechanism animal uses to recognize, search for and capture food. pg. 11274
94459372Optimal foraging theorythe basis for analyzing foraging behavior as a compromise of feeding costs verses feeding benefits. pg. 11275
94459373Learningthe modification of behavior (behavioral change) resulting from specific experiences. pg. 11286
94459374Maturationbehavior that changes because of ongoing developmental changes in neuromuscular systems. pg 11297
94459375Habituationa very simple type of learning that involves loss of responsiveness to stimuli that convey little or no information. pg. 11298
94459376Imprintinglearning that is limited to a specific time period in an animal's life and is generally irreversible; a learned behavior with a significant innate component, aired during a critical period. pg 11299
94459377Sensitive perioda limited phase in an individual animal's development when learning of particular behaviors can take place. pg. 113010
94459378Associative learningthe ability of animals to associate one stimuli with another. ex.: classical conditioning and operant conditioning. pg. 113211
94459379Classical conditioningtype of associative learning where the animal learns to associate an arbitrary stimulus with a reward or punishment. pg. 113212
94459380Operant conditioningtype of associative learning where the animal learns to associate one of it's own behaviors with a reward or punishment. pg. 113213
94459381Playbehavior that has no apparent external goal but involves movements closely associated with goal-directed behaviors. pg.113214
94459382Cognitionthe ability of an animal's nervous system to perceive, store, process, and use information gathered by sensory receptors. Consciousness, or awareness. pg. 113315
94459383Cognitive Ethologythe study of animal cognition examines the connection between an animal's nervous system and it's behaviors. pg. 113416
94459384Kinesisa simple change in activity or turning rate in response to stimuli. pg. 113417
94459385Taxismovement toward or away from a stimulus. pg. 113418
94459386Landmarka point of reference for orientation during navigation. pg. 113419
94459387Cognitive mapan internal representation (within the nervous system) , or code, of the spatial relationship among objects in an animal's surroundings. pg.113420
94459388Migrationregular movement over relatively long distances. pg.113421
94459389Social behavioray kind of interaction between two or more animals, usually of the same species. pg. 113722
94459390Sociobiologythe study of social behavior based on evolutional theory. pg. 113723
94459391Agonistic behaviora type of behavior involving a contest of some kind that determines which competitor gains access to some resource, such as food or mates. pg. 113824
94459392Rituala type of symbolic activity. pg 113825
94459393Reconciliation behaviorpost-conflict behavior that renews friendly relations. pg. 113826
94459394Dominance hierarchya linier "pecking order" of animals, where positions dictate characteristic social behaviors. pg. 113827
94459395Territoryan area that an individual or individuals defend and from which other members of the same species are usually excluded. pg. 113828
94459396Courtshipbehavior patterns that lead up to copulation or gamete release. pg.114029
94459397Parental investmentthe time and resources and individual must spend to produce and nurture offspring. pg.114130
94459398Promiscuousmating with no strong pair bonds or lasting relationships. pg.114231
94459399Monogamousmating were the mates stay together for longer periods of time.; one male with one female. pg. 114232
94459400Polygamousa type of relationship in which an individual of one sex mates with several of the other. Two types are progeny and polyandry. pg.114233
94459401Polygamya polygamous mating system involving one male and many females. pg.114234
94459402Polyandrya polygamous mating system involving one female and many males. pg.114235
94459403Signala behavior that causes a change in behavior in another animal. pg.114236
94459404Communicationthe transmission of, reception of, and response to signals. pg.114237
94459405Pheromonesa small, volatile chemical signal (odor) that functions in communication between animals and acts much like a hormone in influencing physiology and behavior. pg.114338
94459406Altruismbehavior that reduces an individual's fitness while increasing the fitness of another individual. pg.114539
94459407Inclusive fitnessthe total effect an individual has on proliferating its genes by producing its own offspring and by providing aid that enables other close relatives to increase the production of their offspring. pg.114640
94459408Coefficient of relatednessequals the probability that a particular gene present in one individual will also be inherited from a common parent or ancestor in a second individual. pg.114641
94459409Hamilton's rulethe principle that for natural selection to favor an altruistic act, the benefit to the recipient, devalued (multiplied) by the coefficient of relatedness, must exceed cost to altruist. ( rB > C ) pg.114642
94459410Kin selectiona phenomenon of inclusive fitness, used to explain altruistic behavior between related individuals. pg.114743
94459411Reciprocal altruismaltruistic behavior between unrelated individuals, whereby the current altruistic individual benefits in the future when the current beneficiary reciprocates. pg.114744

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