As the title entails, this set has vocab regarding cell communication.
Definitions either come from this chapter's AP Biology Reading Guide made by Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw or the Campbell Biology 9th AP Edition textbook.
Terms : Hide Images
| 1150264717 | Signal Transduction Pathway | A series of steps linking a mechanical, chemical, or electrical stimulus to a specific cellular response | |
| 1150264718 | Paracrine | Type of chemical signaling; Numerous cells can simultaneously receive and respond to the molecules of growth factor produced by a single cell in their vicinity | |
| 1150264719 | Synaptic | Type of chemical signaling; Example: neurons communicate by releasing neurotransmitters across a synapse to stimulate the target cell | |
| 1150264720 | Kinase Enzyme | Catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups | |
| 1150264721 | Ion Channel Receptor | Stop or allow flow of ions into the cell; type of receptor | |
| 1150264722 | Intracellular Receptor | Found in the nucleus or cytoplasm of the cell; bond to chemical messengers that are hydrophobic or very small, like nitric oxide | |
| 1150264723 | Transcription Factors | Control which genes are transcribed into mRNA (turned on) in a particular cell at a particular time | |
| 1150264724 | Protein Kinase | Transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein | |
| 1150264725 | Protein Phophatase | Rapidly removes phosphate groups from proteins (dephosphorylation) | |
| 1150264726 | First Messenger | Signaling molecule; extracellular; not ligand | |
| 1150264727 | Second Messenger | Intracellular; either a water-soluable molecule or an ion; type of messenger | |
| 1150264728 | Scaffolding Protein | Large relay protein to which several other relay proteins are simultaneously attached | |
| 1150264729 | Apoptosis | Cellular agents chop up DNA and fragment the organelles and other cytoplasmic components | |
| 1150264730 | Reception | The target cell's detection of a signaling molecule coming from outside the cell | |
| 1150264731 | Transduction | Happens after the receptor protein is changed by the signaling molecule; converts the signal to a form that can bring about a specific cellular response | |
| 1150264732 | Response | Type of cellular activity triggered by the transduced signal | |
| 1150264733 | Ligand | The term for a molecule that specifically binds to another molecule, usually a larger one; another name for a signaling molecule | |
| 1150264734 | Tyrosine Kinase | Attaches phosphates to tyrosines; catalyzes transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to tyrosine (an amino acid) on a substrate protein | |
| 1150306530 | cAMP | Made from ATP by adenylyl cyclase; inactivated by phosphodiesterase; a common type of second messenger |
