Photosynthesis
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| 5920624807 | photosynthesis (definition) | process of harnessing light energy to build carbohydrates in autotrophs (ex. plants, cyanobacteria) |  | 0 |
| 5920624808 | photosynthesis (equation) | 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 | 1 | |
| 5920624809 | autotroph | organism that CAN capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food (producer) |  | 2 |
| 5920624810 | heterotroph | organism that CANNOT produce its own food and therefore obtains it by consuming other living things (consumer) |  | 3 |
| 5920624811 | anabolic | What kind of a process is photosynthesis? |  | 4 |
| 5920624812 | catabolic | What kind of a process is cellular respiration? |  | 5 |
| 5920624813 | light-dependent reactions | 1st step of photosynthesis during which light energy is captured and used to synthesize ATP and NADPH |  | 6 |
| 5920624814 | light-independent reactions | 2nd step of photosynthesis during which CO2 is incorporated into a sugar molecule using ATP and NADPH produced during the first step |  | 7 |
| 5920624817 | G3P | carbon product of the light-independent reactions |  | 8 |
| 5920624818 | photon | (1) quantum (discrete quantity) of electromagnetic radiation (light energy) with both wave and particle properties |  | 9 |
| 5920624820 | reflected, transmitted, or absorbed | When a photon strikes a substance it can be _____________________ | 10 | |
| 5920624821 | pigments | substances that can absorb, reflect, or transmit light | 11 | |
| 5920624822 | absorption spectrum | graph of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light |  | 12 |
| 5920624824 | violet, blue and red | Which wavelengths of the visible light spectrum do chlorophylls ABSORB? | 13 | |
| 5920624825 | green and yellow | Which wavelengths of the visible light spectrum do chlorophylls REFLECT? | 14 | |
| 5920624826 | carotenoids | accessory pigments in chloroplasts that broaden the spectrum of colors used in photosynthesis (absorb green/blue but reflect red/yellow/orange) |  | 15 |
| 5920624827 | mesophyll | (C) ground tissue of a leaf, sandwiched between upper and lower epidermis that specializes in photosynthesis |  | 16 |
| 5920624835 | photosystem II (PS II) | 1st of two light harvesting units in thylakoid membrane that passes excited electrons to reaction-center chlorophyll |  | 17 |
| 5920624837 | water | splitting this molecule replaces electrons which are excited and passed to primary electron acceptor in PSII | 18 | |
| 5920624838 | O2 | released as a byproduct of splitting water | 19 | |
| 5920624839 | photosystem I (PS I) | 2nd of two light-capturing units in thylakoid membranes that replaces its electrons by those from the 1st complex and results in production of NADPH |  | 20 |
| 5920624841 | ATP synthase | enzyme that synthesies ATP by utilizing a proton-motive force |  | 21 |
| 5920624842 | Calvin cycle, dark reactions, and carbon fixation | other names for light independent reactions |  | 22 |
| 5920624843 | 3 steps of light independent reaction | 1. carbon fixation 2. reduction 3. regeneration of RuBP |  | 23 |
| 5920624845 | carbon dioxide | molecule reduced in Calvin cycle to produce sugar | 24 | |
| 5920624846 | thylakoids | flattened membranous sacs inside chloroplasts that contain systems which convert light energy to chemical energy |  | 25 |
| 5920624847 | absorbed | energy is ____________ in photosynthesis | 26 | |
| 5920624850 | carbon dioxide and water | reactants of photosynthesis | 27 | |
| 5920624851 | glucose | source of electrons used in ETC of cellular respiration | 28 | |
| 5920624852 | intermembrane space | site of proton gradient built up in cellular respiration | 29 | |
| 5920624853 | thylakoid space | site of proton gradient built up in photosynthesis | 30 | |
| 5920624856 | NADP+ | high energy electron carrier(s ) before reduction in photosynthesis (after they drop off electrons for Calvin cycle) |  | 31 |
| 5920624857 | NADPH | high energy electron carrier(s ) after reduction in photosynthesis (after they pick up electrons from ETC) |  | 32 |
| 5920624861 | H2O | reactant(s) oxidized in photosynthesis (source of electrons) | 33 | |
| 5920624866 | stomata | pore-like openings on underside of leaves that allow gases (CO2 and O2) and water to diffuse in and out |  | 34 |
| 5920624867 | bundle-sheath cells | tightly packed around the veins of a leaf (site of Calvin cycle in C4 plants) |  | 35 |
| 5920624868 | photorespiration | occurs on hot, dry days when stomata close, O2 accumulates and Rubisco fixes O2 rather than CO2, using up ATP, O2 and sugars |  | 36 |
| 5920624869 | C3 plants | do not separately fix CO2 and use Rubisco in Calvin Cycle |  | 37 |
| 5920624870 | C4 plants | spatially separate carbon fixation (mesophyll cells) from Calvin Cycle (bundle-sheath cells); use PEP carboxylase instead of Rubisco to fix CO2 |  | 38 |
| 5920624871 | CAM plants | temporally separate carbon fixation (day) and Calvin Cycle (night); use PEP carboxylase instead of Rubisco to fix CO2 |  | 39 |
| 5920692216 | chemoautotroph | organisms that produce their own food using inorganic materials - thermophilic bacteria | 40 | |
| 5920695807 | chlorophyll | pigment that absorbs light energy to power the light reactions of photosynthesis | 41 | |
| 5920700584 | chloroplast | the organelle where photosynthesis takes place | 42 | |
| 5920723793 | stroma | fluid that fills the inner area of a chloroplast | 43 | |
| 5920726330 | grana | stacks of thylakoids | 44 | |
| 5920730899 | guard cells | responsible for opening and closing stomata | 45 |
