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| 8829357426 | anaphase | fourth stage of mitosis, in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell |  | 0 |
| 8829357427 | anchorage dependence | the requirement that to divide, a cell must be attached to the substratum |  | 1 |
| 8829357428 | aster | a radial array of short microtubules that extends from each centrosome toward the plasma membrane in a cell undergoing mitosis |  | 2 |
| 8829357429 | benign tumor | a mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin | 3 | |
| 8829357430 | binary fission | the type of cell division by which prokaryotes reproduce; each dividing daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome |  | 4 |
| 8829357431 | cell cycle | an ordered sequence of events in the life of a eukaryotic cell, from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two; composed of M, G1, S, G2 |  | 5 |
| 8829357432 | cell cycle control system | a cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle |  | 6 |
| 8829357433 | cell division | reproduction of a cell | 7 | |
| 8829357434 | cell plate | a double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between which the new cell wall form during cytokinesis | 8 | |
| 8829357435 | centromere | the centralized region joining two chromatids |  | 9 |
| 8829357436 | centrosome | material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells, important during cell division; the microtubule organizing center |  | 10 |
| 8829357437 | checkpoint | a critical control point in the cell cycle where stop and go-ahead signals regulate the cycle |  | 11 |
| 8829357438 | chromatin | complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome; when a cell is not diving it exists as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope |  | 12 |
| 8829357439 | chromosome | a threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus; each consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins | 13 | |
| 8829357440 | cleavage | the process of cytokinesis in animal cells, characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane. Also, the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into ball of cells |  | 14 |
| 8829357441 | cleavage furrow | the first sign of cleavage in an animal cell;a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate |  | 15 |
| 8829357442 | cyclin | a regulatory protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically |  | 16 |
| 8829357443 | cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) | a protein kinase that is only active when attached to a particular cyclin | | 17 |
| 8829357444 | cytokinesis | the division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately following mitosis |  | 18 |
| 8829357445 | density-dependent inhibition | the phenomenon observed in normal animal cells that causes them to stop dividing when they come into contact with one another |  | 19 |
| 8829357446 | G0 phase | a nondividing state in which a cell has left the cell cycle |  | 20 |
| 8829357447 | G1 phase | The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins. | 21 | |
| 8829357448 | G2 phase | the second growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occur | 22 | |
| 8829357449 | gamete | a haploid cell, such as an egg or sperm; unite during sexual reproduction to form a diploid cell |  | 23 |
| 8829357450 | genome | the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism. |  | 24 |
| 8829357451 | growth factor | a protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for growth and normal development of certain types of cells; a local regulator that acts on nearby cells to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation | 25 | |
| 8829357452 | interphase | the period in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing; cellular metabolic activity is high, chromosomes and organelles are duplicated, and cell size may increase. 90% of the cell cycle |  | 26 |
| 8829357453 | M phase | mitotic phase; the phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis | 27 | |
| 8829357454 | malignant tumor | a cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair the functions of one or more organs | 28 | |
| 8829357455 | meiosis | a two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell |  | 29 |
| 8829357456 | metaphase | the third stage of mitosis, in which the spindle is complete and the chromosomes, attached to the microtubules at their kinetochores, are all aligned at the plate |  | 30 |
| 8829357457 | metastasis | the spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site |  | 31 |
| 8829357458 | mitosis | a process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into 5 stages; prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase; conserves chromosome number by equally allocating replicated chromosomes to each of the daughter nuclei |  | 32 |
| 8829357459 | mitotic (M) phase | the phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis | 33 | |
| 8829357460 | mitotic spindle | an assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis |  | 34 |
| 8829357461 | MPF | maturation-promoting factor (M-phase promoting factor); a protein complex required for a cell to progress from late interphase to mitosis. The active form consists of cyclin and a protein kinase |  | 35 |
| 8829357462 | prophase | the first stage of mitosis, in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begin to form, but the nuclei and nucleolus are still intact |  | 36 |
| 8829357463 | S phase | the synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated | 37 | |
| 8829357464 | sister chromatids | replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and eventually separating during mitosis or meiosis II |  | 38 |
| 8829357465 | somatic cell | any cell in multicellular organisms except a sperm or egg cell |  | 39 |
| 8829357466 | telophase | the fifth and final stage of mitosis, in which daughter cells are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun |  | 40 |
