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| 5811782751 | What is the chromosomal basis of inheritance? | The chromosomal basis of inheritance is the idea that genes are located on chromosomes as well as the idea that the behavior of chromosomes during Meiosis accounts for Mendel's Laws of Segregation and Independent Assortment. | 0 | |
| 5811782752 | What is the meaning of the term "wild type"? | Wild type is the genotype that is most commonly observed in the population. | 1 | |
| 5811782753 | Why was Morgan's choice of fruit fly such a good one for genetic experiments? | Fruit flies were a good choice for Morgan's experiments because Morgan was able to clearly distinguish the link between eye color and biological sex. | 2 | |
| 5811782754 | How did Morgan associate traits with the sex of the fruit fly? | The trait of white eyes only appeared in males, so Morgan was able to link the trait with sex chromosomes in males. | 3 | |
| 5811782755 | What does it mean when genes are linked or we can say there is linkage? | When we say there is "linkage" between genes that means that we have determined a dominant or recessive allele attached to an X or Y chromosome (non-autosomal). | 4 | |
| 5811782756 | In what step of meiosis would recombinants form and why? | Recombinants would form in Prophase i, called crossing over, where genes assort themselves. | 5 | |
| 5811782757 | What is the difference between a genetic map, a linkage map, and a cytogenic map? | A genetic map is an ordered list of genetic loci along specific chromosome. A linkage map is a map based on recombination frequencies. A cytogenic map is a map that locates genes with respect to chromosomal features, such as stained bands that can be seen in the microscope. | 6 | |
| 5811782758 | What is the chromosomal basis of sex determination in mammals? | XY is the method of sex determination in mammals. Sex chromosomes are XX in females and XY in males, and the sex of the offspring is determined by male sperm. | 7 | |
| 5811782759 | What is the chromosomal basis of sex determination in grasshoppers? | X0 is the method of sex determination in grasshoppers. Sex chromosomes are XX in females and X0 (X-zero) in males, and the sex of the offspring is determined by the male sperm. | 8 | |
| 5811782762 | What is the SRY gene and why is it important? | The SRY gene is the gene that provides instructions for making a transcription factor called the determing region Y protein. Without a functioning Y protein, the cell will develop as a female with a Y chromosome because the body cannot recognize the Y chromosome without the Y protein. The individual is likely to develop Swyer syndrome and other complications as a result. | 9 | |
| 5811782763 | What is a sex-linked gene? | A sex-linked gene is a gene that is connected to the sex chromosomes. | 10 | |
| 5811782764 | What is X inactivation? | X inactivation is when the X chromosome compacts into a Barr body and genes within become unexpressed. The Barr body lies along the nuclear envelope, and is more likely in females. | 11 | |
| 5811782765 | Why are most Calico cats female? | Most Calico cats are female because coloring is attached to X chromosomes, and in Calico cats one X would have to be inactive for both colors, such that the cat has a phenotype of orange and black. | 12 | |
| 5811782766 | What is nondisjunction and when in meiosis does it occur? | Nondisjunction is where members of a pair of chromosomes do not move apart (Meiosis i) or sister chromatids do not separate (Meiosis ii). | 13 | |
| 5811782767 | What is the meaning of the term "aneuploidy"? | Aneuploidy is the condition of an abnormal amount of a particular chromosome exists. Additionally, this condition can have a chromosome either absent or in excess, and can affect more than one chromosome. | 14 | |
| 5811782768 | What is the meaning of the term "monosomic"? | Monosomic is the condition of a diploid cell that has only one copy of chromosomes instead of two copies of a chromosome. | 15 | |
| 5811782769 | What is the meaning of the term "polyploidy"? | Polyploidy is the condition where there are three or more sets of chromosomes in somatic cells (ex: tetraploidy (4n), triploidy (3n), etc). | 16 | |
| 5811782770 | What are the four types of alterations in chromosomal structure? | Deletion-A removal of a chromosomal segment Duplication-A repetition of a chromosomal segment Inversion-A reversal of a chromosomal segment Translocation-A shift of a segment from one chromosome to another |  | 17 |
| 5811782771 | What is the most common type of chromosomal translocation? Least common? | The most common type of translocation in a chromosome is reciprocal translocation where both chromosomes exchange segments. The least common type of translocation in a chromosome is non-reciprocal translocation where only one chromosome gives/receives a segment. | 18 | |
| 5811782772 | Explain the chromosomal alteration present in Down's syndrome/Trisomy 21. | Trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome) is a condition where chromosome 21 has three copies (aneuploidy). | 19 | |
| 5811782774 | Explain the chromosomal alterations present in Turner syndrome/Monosomy X. | Turner syndrome (Monosomy X) is a condition where there is only one X chromosome. As a result, the individual is biologically female, but remains sterile/has altered secondary sex characteristics. | 20 | |
| 5811782776 | What is genomic imprinting? | Genomic imprinting is the variation in phenotype depending on whether allele is inherited from mother or father, occuring during gamete formation, resulting in the silencing of particular allele of certain genes. | 21 | |
| 5811782777 | What are extranuclear genes? | Extranuclear genes are genes located in organelles in cytoplasm. | 22 |
