Vocabulary words from the AP Edition of Campbell Biology, Chapter 12.
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| 5091420533 | cell division | reproduction of cells | 0 | |
| 5091420534 | cell cycle | the life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into two cells | 1 | |
| 5091420535 | genome | the genetic material of an organism, complete complement of an organism's genes along with its noncoding nucleic acid sequences | 2 | |
| 5091420536 | chromosomes | a cellular structure containing genetic material, consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins | 3 | |
| 5091420537 | somatic cells | all human cells that are not reproductive cells, each contains 46 chromosomes | 4 | |
| 5091420538 | gametes | reproductive cells, have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells (23) | 5 | |
| 5091420539 | chromatin | make up eukaryotic chromosomes, a complex of DNA and associated protein molecules | 6 | |
| 5091420540 | sister chromatid | either of two copies of a duplicated chromosome attached to each other by proteins at the centromere, when joined two of these make up one chromosome, eventually separated | 7 | |
| 5091420541 | centromere | specialized region where the two chromatids are most closely attached | 8 | |
| 5091420542 | mitosis | the division of the nucleus | 9 | |
| 5091420543 | cytokinesis | the division of the cytoplasm | 10 | |
| 5091420544 | meiosis | a variation of cell division which yields nonidentical daughter cells with only one set of chromosomes | 11 | |
| 5091420545 | mitotic phase | the shortest part of the cell cycle, includes mitosis and cytokinesis | 12 | |
| 5091420546 | interphase | accounts for 90% of the cell cycle, includes growth of the cell and chromosome cloning | 13 | |
| 5091420547 | G1 phase | part of interphase when initial growth takes place | 14 | |
| 5091420548 | S phase | part of interphase when the chromosomes are duplicated | 15 | |
| 5091420549 | G2 phase | part of interphase when two centrosomes have formed and a nuclear envelope bounds the nucleus | 16 | |
| 5091420550 | prophase | stage of mitosis when the chromatin condenses, the mitotic spindle begins to form, and the nucleolus disappears, but the nucleus remains intact |  | 17 |
| 5091420551 | prometaphase | stage of mitosis when discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear, the nuclear envelope fragments, and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes |  | 18 |
| 5091420552 | metaphase | stage of mitosis when the spindle is complete and the chromosomes, attached to microtubules at their kinetochores, are all aligned at the middle |  | 19 |
| 5091420553 | anaphase | stage of mitosis when the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell |  | 20 |
| 5091420554 | telophase | stage of mitosis when daughter nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun |  | 21 |
| 5091420555 | mitotic spindle | an assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis | 22 | |
| 5091420556 | centrosome | a sub-cellular region containing material that functions throughout the cell cycle to organize the cell's microtubules | 23 | |
| 5091420557 | kinetochore | a structure of proteins associated with specific sections of chromosomal DNA at the centromere | 24 | |
| 5091420558 | cleavage | process by which cytokinesis occurs | 25 | |
| 5091420559 | cleavage furrow | a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate | 26 | |
| 5091420560 | cell plate | a double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis | 27 | |
| 5091420561 | binary fission | a type of cell division by which the asexual reproduction of single-celled organisms takes place | 28 | |
| 5091420562 | cell cycle control system | a cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that both triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle | 29 | |
| 5091420563 | G0 phase | a cell that does not pass the G1 checkpoint goes here, a non-dividing state | 30 | |
| 5091420564 | cyclin | a protein which occurs in a cyclically fluctuating concentration, plays an important role in regulating the cell cycle | 31 |
