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| To generate a new form of plant or animal, either by human intervention or naturally, by combining the genes of two different species or subspecies. | ||
| A heritable feature of an individual. | ||
| To undergo genetic segregation, or cause cells to undergo genetic segregation. | ||
| Fertilization done all in one organism. | ||
| Purposefully breeding two different individuals. | ||
| Having pure or unmixed ancestry. | ||
| The first cross of two parents. | ||
| The dominant (most expressed) trait of an organism. | ||
| The recessive (infrequently expressed) trait of an organism. | ||
| The second cross, taken from the F1 generation. | ||
| The ratio of occurrence of various phenotypes in any cross involving Mendelian characters (e.g. 3:1, etc.) | ||
| One of two or more alternative forms of a gene, occupying the same position locus on paired chromosomes and controlling the same inherited characteristic. | ||
| When the haploid gametes containing exactly the same alleles of a factor fuse to become a zygote. | ||
| When the haploid gametes contain two different alleles and fuse to become a zygote. | ||
| In modern terminology: Mendel's factors. The basic unit capable of transmitting characteristics from one generation to the next. It consists of a specific sequence of DNA that occupies a fixed position locus on a chromosome. | ||
| The specific location of a gene on a chromosome. | ||
| The genetic characteristics of a cross. | ||
| The physical characteristics of a cross. | ||
| Alternative alleles of a character segregate from each other in heterozygous individuals and remain distant. | ||
| A procedure used especially in plant breeding whereby a plant's genetic constitution is inferred by examining the progeny resulting from crossing it with another individual of known genetic makeup. | ||
| An organism that is heterozygous for two genes, so that each gene is represented by two variant forms alleles. | ||
| One of Mendel's laws stating that during meiosis, the alleles of a gene segregate independently of the alleles of other genes. In practice, genes that are close together on a chromosome may be inherited together. | ||
| The graduating degree of difference between individuals. | ||
| An allele that has more than one effect on the phenotype. | ||
| A ratio not typical of a standard mendelian genetic combination (e.g. 9:7.) | ||
| The nonappearance of a characteristic determined by one gene because it has been suppressed or masked by the activity of another gene, interference of genes. | ||
| When each allele has its own effect. | ||
| The four different cell surface phenotypes (Types A, B, AB and O.) | ||
| A set of blood cell surface markers that 85% of adult humans possess. Those that don't are termed Rh negative. | ||
| A disease that prevents blood from clotting properly. | ||
| A defect in the oxygen carrier hemoglobin that impairs oxygen delivery. | ||
| Therapy by which working copies of a gene are introduced to a person with a genetic defect. | ||
| The theory that chromosomes are linear sequences of genes. The unifying theory states that inheritance patterns may be explained by assuming that genes are located in specific sites on chromosomes. Walter Sutton. | ||
| An individual that varies strikingly from the rest of its kind. | ||
| Chromosome that determines gender. 2 X's, is a female. | ||
| Chromosome that determines gender. 1 X, 1Y is a male. | ||
| A trait determined by a gene on the x chromosome. | ||
| Crossing over of genes to create new combinations. | ||
| Measures the distance between genes in terms of the frequency of recombination. | ||
| A genetic map unit named after Thomas Hunt Morgan. | ||
| A cross involving three-linked genes. | ||
| The most common allele of a gene (dominant.) | ||
| The 22 matched chromosomes in humans. | ||
| The 23rd pair of chromosomes that determine gender. | ||
| A small, densely staining structure in the cell nuclei consisting of a condensed, inactive x chromosome. | ||
| A nonreciprocal gene transfer in which an allele converts the other allele into the same form as its self, hence, resulting in inheritance pattern that does not follow Mendelian rule. | ||
| The failure of homologues or sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis. | ||
| A condition in which a chromosome is either gained or lost. | ||
| Humans who have lost one copy of an autosome. | ||
| Humans who have acquired an extra autosome. | ||
| The sampling of amniotic fluid using a hollow needle inserted into the uterus, to screen for developmental abnormalities in a fetus. | ||
| A genetic screening test in which cells are removed from the chorionic. |
