Mendel and the Gene Idea
Terms : Hide Images
| 8525506785 | trait | genetically determined variant of a characteristic | 0 | |
| 8525506786 | P generation | parental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross | 1 | |
| 8525506787 | F1 generation | the first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms | 2 | |
| 8525506788 | F2 generation | the second generation of offspring, obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms; the offspring of the F1 generation | 3 | |
| 8525506789 | alleles | different forms of a gene | 4 | |
| 8525506790 | dominant | observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form of a trait | 5 | |
| 8525506791 | recessive | The inherited characteristic often masked by the dominant characteristic and not seen in an organism. | 6 | |
| 8525506792 | law of segregation | first law of heredity stating that pairs of alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed |  | 7 |
| 8525506793 | Punnett square | A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |  | 8 |
| 8525506794 | homozygous | having two identical alleles for a trait |  | 9 |
| 8525506795 | heterozygous | having two different alleles for a trait |  | 10 |
| 8525506796 | genotype | the particular alleles at specified loci present in an organism |  | 11 |
| 8525506797 | phenotype | physical characteristics of an organism |  | 12 |
| 8525506798 | test cross | the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype | 13 | |
| 8525506799 | monohybrid cross | a cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits |  | 14 |
| 8525506800 | dihybrid cross | a cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene |  | 15 |
| 8525506801 | law of independent assortment | the law that states that genes separate independently of one another in meiosis |  | 16 |
| 8525506802 | multiplication rule | The rule that states that to determine the probability, we multiply the probability of one event by the probability of another | 17 | |
| 8525506803 | addition rule | the probability that any one of two or more mutually exclusive events will occur is calculated by adding together their individual probabilities | 18 | |
| 8525506804 | complete dominance | a relationship in which one allele is completely dominant over another |  | 19 |
| 8525506805 | incomplete dominance | creates a blended phenotype; one allele is not completely dominant over the other |  | 20 |
| 8525506806 | codominance | a condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed |  | 21 |
| 8525506807 | Tay-Sachs disease | A human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele for a dysfunctional enzyme, leading to accumulation of certain lipids in the brain. Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental performance usually become manifest a few months after birth. | 22 | |
| 8525506808 | epistasis | the suppression of a gene by the effect of an unrelated gene |  | 23 |
| 8525506809 | pleiotropy | A single gene having multiple effects on an individuals phenotype |  | 24 |
| 8525506810 | polygenic inheritance | An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character. |  | 25 |
| 8525506811 | pedigree | a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family |  | 26 |
| 8525506812 | carriers | individuals who have one copy of a recessive autosomal allele |  | 27 |
| 8525506813 | Cystic Fibrosis | a human genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele for a chloride channel protein; (4% whites are carriers - most common lethal genetic disease) | 28 | |
| 8525506814 | Sickle cell anemia | a genetic disorder in which erythroctyes take on an abnormal curved or "sickle" shape | 29 | |
| 8525506815 | Huntington's disease | a degenerative disease of the nervous system caused by a lethal dominant allele that has no obvious phenotypic effect until the individual is 35-45 yrs old | 30 | |
| 8525506816 | amniocentesis | A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid, obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus. | 31 | |
| 8525506817 | chorionic villus sampling | sampling of placental tissue for microscopic and chemical examination to detect fetal abnormalities | 32 |
