The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Terms : Hide Images
| 12257627576 | Chromosome theory of inheritance | Mendelian genes have specific loci on chromosomes, and it is the chromosomes that undergo segregation and independent assortment during meiosis. | 0 | |
| 12257627577 | Thomas Hunt Morgan | Biologist provided more evidence to the theory of Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance studying sex-linked traits in fruit flies. | 1 | |
| 12257627578 | wild type | The phenotype for a character most commonly observed in natural populations | 2 | |
| 12257627579 | mutant phenotypes | due to alleles assumed to have originated as changes, or mutations, in the wild-type allele | 3 | |
| 12257627580 | sex-linked gene | A gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome | 4 | |
| 12257627581 | X-linked genes | A gene located on the X chromosome; such genes show a distinctive pattern of inheritance. | 5 | |
| 12257627582 | hemophilia | an X-linked recessive disorder in which blood fails to clot properly, leading to excessive bleeding if injured. | 6 | |
| 12257627583 | Barr body | A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells, representing an inactivated X chromosome. | 7 | |
| 12257627584 | linked gene | Genes located close enough together on a chromosome to be usually inherited together. | 8 | |
| 12257627585 | genetic recombination | the production of offspring with combinations of traits differing from those found in either parent | 9 | |
| 12257627586 | parental types | offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes. | 10 | |
| 12257627587 | recombinant types | when offspring display phenotypes that are different than parents | 11 | |
| 12257627588 | crossing over | process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis | 12 | |
| 12257627589 | linkage map | A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. | 13 | |
| 12257627590 | map units | a measurement of the distance between genes; one map unit is equivalent to a 1 percent recombination frequency. | 14 | |
| 12257627591 | nondisjunction | the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis or meiosis II | 15 | |
| 12257627592 | aneuploidy | A chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in number. | 16 | |
| 12257627593 | monosomic | A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has only one copy of a chromosome | 17 | |
| 12257627594 | trisomic | A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome, instead of the normal two; the cell is said to be trisomic for that chromosome. | 18 | |
| 12257627595 | polyploidy | a chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets. | 19 | |
| 12257627596 | deletion | change to a chromosome in which a fragment of the chromosome is removed | 20 | |
| 12257627597 | duplication | change in chromosome structure in which a particular segment is present more than once in the same chromosome | 21 | |
| 12257627598 | inversion | change to a chromosome in which a fragment of the original chromosome is reversed | 22 | |
| 12257627599 | translocation | change to a chromosome in which a fragment of one chromosome attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome | 23 | |
| 12257627600 | Down syndrome | A human genetic disease resulting from having an extra chromosome 21, characterized by mental retardation and heart and respiratory defects. | 24 | |
| 12257627601 | Klinefelter syndrome | a chromosomal trisomy in which males have an extra X chromosome resulting in an XXy condition; affected individuals typically have reduced fertility | 25 | |
| 12257627602 | Turner syndrome | Chromosome disorder in females. a x chromosome is missing or part of one x is deleted. short stature | 26 | |
| 12257627603 | cri du chat | a chromosomal deletion in chromosome 5 that results in children who are mentally retarded, have small heads, and have a cry that sounds like a loud cat; they die at a young age | 27 | |
| 12257627604 | genomic imprinting | a phenomenon in which expression of an allele in offspring depends on whether the allele is inherited from the male or female parent; always needs one active copy (not 2 or 0) | 28 | |
| 12257627605 | cytoplasmic genes | Genes found in organelles other than the nucleus (chloroplasts and mitochondria). It is maternally inherited, since the egg donates the cytoplasm to the zygote in fertilization. | 29 | |
| 12257627606 | mitochondrial | the reason you have more DNA from your biological mother than your biological father; endosymbiosis theory | 30 | |
| 12257627608 | chloroplast DNA | non-nuclear DNA; endosymbiosis theory that chloroplasts evolved from free living prokaryotes | 31 | |
| 12257627609 | Duchenne muscular dystrophy | X-linked; affects about 1 in 3,500 males; results from absence of a key muscle protein called dystrophin | 32 | |
| 12257627610 | genetic map | an ordered list of the genetic loci along a particular chromosome. | 33 | |
| 12257627611 | Only four chromosomes | An advantage of testing fruit flies | 34 | |
| 12257627612 | + | superscript for wild-type | 35 | |
| 12257627613 | Chromosomal systems of sex determination | 1) XY system in mammals 2) X0 system in insects 3) ZW system in birds and some insects (opposite of XY) 4) Haplo-diplo system in bees and ants | 36 | |
| 12257627614 | X-linked | color blindness is a ____ trait | 37 | |
| 12257627617 | recombination frequency | proportion of recombinant progeny produced in a cross | 38 | |
| 12257627615 | histones and methyl groups | how are X-chromosomes inactivated in females | 39 | |
| 12257627616 | XIST | Gene responsible for X-inactivation; located on the long arm of the X-chromosome | 40 | |
| 12257627618 | chi-square | a statistic used to measure how much a sample distribution differs from a theoretical distribution |  | 41 |
| 12257627619 | 0.05 | If the probability of the X^2 value is _______ or less it means the genes are linked (reject hypothesis that the genes are unlinked) | 42 | |
| 12257627620 | higher | recombination frequency is (higher/lower) when the linked genes are further away | 43 | |
| 12257627621 | down syndrome | trisomy 21 | 44 | |
| 12257627622 | plant | Polyploidy is common in what kingdom? | 45 | |
| 12257627623 | Polyploids | Which are more normal polyploids or aneuploids? | 46 | |
| 12257627624 | Errors in meiosis or damaging reagents such as radiation | What can alter the chromosome structure? | 47 |
