16: The molecular basis of inheritance
Terms : Hide Images
| 526274578 | bacteriophage | A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. See phage. | |
| 526274579 | DNA ligase | A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain. | |
| 526274580 | DNA polymerase | An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain. | |
| 526274581 | double helix | The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape. | |
| 526274582 | helicase | An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks. | |
| 526274583 | lagging strand | A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork. | |
| 526274584 | leading strand | The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction. | |
| 526274585 | mismatch repair | The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides. | |
| 526274586 | nuclease | A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides. | |
| 526274587 | nucleotide excision repair | The process of removing and then correctly replacing a damaged segment of DNA using the undamaged strand as a guide. | |
| 526274588 | origins of replication | Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins. | |
| 526274589 | phage | A virus that infects bacteria; also called a bacteriophage. | |
| 526274590 | primase | An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the primer. | |
| 526274591 | primer | An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis. | |
| 526274592 | replication fork | A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing. | |
| 526274593 | semiconservative model | Type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand, derived from the old molecule, and one newly made strand. | |
| 526274594 | single-strand binding protein | During DNA replication, molecules that line up along the unpaired DNA strands, holding them apart while the DNA strands serve as templates for the synthesis of complimentary strands of DNA. | |
| 526274595 | telomerase | An enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres. The enzyme includes a molecule of RNA that serves as a template for new telomere segments. | |
| 526274596 | telomere | The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically, the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. See also repetitive DNA. | |
| 526274597 | transformation | (1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell. |
