From Gene to Protein
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| 9277104737 | Gene Expression | process by which DNA directs synthesis of proteins | 0 | |
| 9277104738 | Transcription | -synthesis of RNA under direction of DNA -DNA serves as template for assembling complementary RNA molecule -resulting RNA molecule faithful transcript of gene's protein-building instructions -occurs in nucleus |  | 1 |
| 9277104739 | Messenger RNA (mRNA) | RNA molecule that carries genetic message from DNA to protein synthesizing machinery of cell | 2 | |
| 9277104740 | Translation | -synthesis of polypeptide -occurs under direction of mRNA -change in language-cell must translate base sequence of mRnA molecule into amino acid sequence of polypeptide -occurs in cytoplasm |  | 3 |
| 9277104741 | Ribosomes | -sites of translation -complex particles that facilitate orderly linking of amino acids into polypeptide chains |  | 4 |
| 9277104742 | Primary Transcript | initial RNA transcript from any gene, including those coding for RNA that is not translated into protein |  | 5 |
| 9277104743 | Triplet Code | genetic instructions for polypeptide chain written in DNA as series of non-overlapping, 3 nucleotide words |  | 6 |
| 9277104744 | Template Strand | DNA strand that provides pattern/template for sequence of nucleotides in RNA transcript |  | 7 |
| 9277104745 | Codons | mRNA base triplets written 5'-3' direction |  | 8 |
| 9277104746 | Reading Frame | grapings w/ symbols w/ message that needs to be translated to written language |  | 9 |
| 9277104747 | RNA Polymerase | -pries 2 strands of DNA apart -joins RNA nucleotides as they base pair along DNA template -assemble polynucleotides 5' -> 3' -can start chain from scratch-no primer needed |  | 10 |
| 9277104748 | Promoter | DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches and initiates transcription |  | 11 |
| 9277104749 | Terminator | sequence that signals end of transcription in bacteria |  | 12 |
| 9277104750 | Transcription Unit | stretch of DNA transcribed into RNA molecule |  | 13 |
| 9277104751 | Transcription Factors | A regulatory protein that binds to DNA and affects transcription of specific genes |  | 14 |
| 9277104764 | Transfer RNA (tRNA) | transfer amino acids from cytoplasmic pool of AA to ribosome |  | 15 |
| 9277104765 | Anticodon | nucleotide triplet that base pairs of complementary codon of mRNA |  | 16 |
| 9277104768 | Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | made in nucleolus, make up ribosomal subunits |  | 17 |
| 9277104770 | A Site (aminoacyl-tRNA site) | holds tRNA carrying next AA to be added in chain |  | 18 |
| 9277104771 | E Site (exit site) | where discharged tRNAs leave ribosome |  | 19 |
| 9277104772 | Release Factor | protein that binds to stop codon @ A site | 20 | |
| 9277104774 | Signal Peptide | -targets protein to ER -marks if polypeptide of proteins destined for endomembrane system or for secretion | 21 | |
| 9277104777 | Mutations | -change into genetic information of a cell -responsible for huge diversity of genes found among organisms |  | 22 |
| 9277104778 | Point Mutations | changes in a DNA sequence caused by substitution of one nucleotide for another |  | 23 |
| 9277104779 | Base Pair Substitutions | replaces one nucleotide and its partner with another pair of nucleotides |  | 24 |
| 9277104780 | Missense Mutations | A base-pair substitution that results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid. |  | 25 |
| 9277104781 | Nonsense Mutation | Changes a normal codon into a stop codon |  | 26 |
| 9277104782 | Insertions | additions of nucleotide pairs in gene |  | 27 |
| 9277104783 | Deletion | losses of nucleotide pairs in gene |  | 28 |
| 9277104784 | Frameshift Mutations | Shift the reading frame of the genetic message by adding or deleting a nucleotide |  | 29 |
| 9277104785 | Mutagen | physical and chemical agents that interact w/ DNA that cause mutations |  | 30 |
| 9277104786 | rRNA | ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome |  | 31 |
| 9277104787 | gene | equals one RNA molecule A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait |  | 32 |
| 9277160900 | P site | holds tRNA carrying growing polypeptide chain |  | 33 |
