The beginning of a long year....
Also I did NOT include the whole snake portion of the notes which is from pages 10-11 of the notes, just look at it yourself
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| 451392640 | We recognize life by what living things do: | order, regulation, energy processing, reproduction, growth and development, response to environment, evolutionary adaption | |
| 451392641 | 7 Themes of Biology | Evolution is the core theme of biology New properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy Organisms interact with other organisms and their physical environment Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization Cells are organism's basic units of structure and function The continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems | |
| 451392642 | evolution | the idea that the organisms living on Earth today are the modified desendants of common ancestors | |
| 451392643 | ordered into complex biological molecules, they are at the lowest levels of the biological hierarchy | Atoms | |
| 451392644 | the components of cells, biological molecules are organized into these structures | organelles | |
| 451392645 | fundamental unit of structure and function of living things | cells | |
| 451392646 | All organisms must accomplish the same 4 functions | uptake and processing of nutrients, excretion of wastes, response to environmental stimuli, reproduction | |
| 451392647 | Multicellular organisms exhibit what three major structural levels above the cell | similar cells are grouped into tissues several tissues coordinate to form organs several organs form an organ system | |
| 451392648 | localized groups of organisms belonging to the same species, organisms make up these | Populations | |
| 451392649 | popluations of several species in the same area combine to form a? | Biological Community | |
| 451392650 | consists of all the environments on Earth that are inhabited by life | biosphere | |
| 451392651 | created by new arrangements and interaction of parts as complexity increases | Emergent properties | |
| 451392652 | Photosynthesis can take place only when molecules are arranged in a specific way in an intact chloroplast is an example of? | Emergent property | |
| 451392653 | the reduction of complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study | reductionism | |
| 451392654 | Biologist must balance the reductionist strategy with the larger-scale, holistic objective of understanding the emergent properties of life- | how all the parts of biological systems are functionally intergrated | |
| 451392655 | Ultimate goal of Systems Biology | to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems | |
| 451392656 | Operation of any ecosystem involves what 2 major processes? | the cycling of nutrients and the one-way flow of energy from sunlight to producers to consumers | |
| 451392657 | activites of life require organisms to perform work, work requires the source of? | energy | |
| 451392658 | How a device works is correlated with its ? | structure | |
| 451392659 | the thin, flat shape of a leaf maximizes the amount of sunlight that can be captured by its chloroplasts is an example of? | how a device works is correlated with its structure | |
| 451392660 | Cell is the lowest level of structure that is capable of? | performing all the activites of life | |
| 451392661 | All cells share certain characteristics, name 2 | every cell is enclosed by a membrane that regulates the passage of materials between the cell and its surroundings uses DNA as its genetic information | |
| 451392662 | the cells of the two groups of microogranisms called bacteria and archaea are | prokaryotic | |
| 451392663 | subdivided by internal membranes into various membrane-enclosed oranelles | eukaryotic cell | |
| 451392664 | in most eukaryotic cells | the largest oranelle is the nucleus which contains the cells DNA as chromosmes other organisms are located in the cytoplasm | |
| 451392665 | the entire region between the nucleus and the outer membrane of the cell | cytoplasm | |
| 451392666 | much simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells | prokaryotic cells | |
| 451392667 | In prokaryotic cells | the DNA is not separated from the cytoplasm in a nucleus no membrane-enclosed organelles in the cytoplasm | |
| 451392668 | whether an organism has prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells depend on its | structure and function | |
| 451392669 | the units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring, DNA is the substance of this | Genes | |
| 451392670 | DNA is human cells is organized into | chromosomes | |
| 451392671 | The genes along the length of the DNA molecules encode | the information for building the cell's other molecules | |
| 451392672 | Each DNA molecule is made up of 2 long chains arranged in a | double helix | |
| 451392673 | encode the cell's information in chemical letters | nucleotides | |
| 451392674 | Human proteins include | muscle cell contraction proteins and defensive proteins called antibodies | |
| 451392675 | crucial proteins that catalyze specific chemical reaction, all cells contain these | enzymes | |
| 451392676 | tools that actually build and maintain the cell | proteins | |
| 451392677 | all forms of life employ essentially the same genetic code | translation process | |
| 451392678 | library of genetic instructions that an organism inherits is called? | genome | |
| 451392679 | 3 key research developments have led to the increased importance of systems biology | High-throughput technology Bioinformatics Interdisciplinary research teams | |
| 451392680 | the accumulation of an end product of a process slows down that process | negative feedback | |
| 451392681 | an end product speeds up its own production | positive feedback | |
| 451392682 | the branch of biology that names and classifies species into a hierarchical order | taxonomy | |
| 451392683 | Domain Eukarya includes what three kingdoms of multicellular eukaryotes | Platae, Fungi, Animalia | |
| 451392684 | universal genetic language of DNA unites | prokaryotes and eukaryotes | |
| 451392685 | Darwins first point in his book | contemporary species arose from a succession of ancestors through "descent with modification" | |
| 451392686 | the duality of life's unity and diversity | unity is the kinship among species that descended from common ancestors and diversity in the modifications that evolved as species branched from their common ancestors | |
| 451392687 | Darwin's second point | mechanism for descent with modification:natural selection | |
| 451392688 | a populatoin can potentially produce far more offspirng than the environment can support, therefore | competition is inevitable | |
| 451392689 | individuals with inherited traits are | the best suited to local environment will produce more healthy, fertile offspring than less fit individuals | |
| 451392690 | can produce new species from ancestral species | Natural selection | |
| 451392691 | asking questions about nature and focusing on specific questions that can be answered | inquiry | |
| 451392692 | two main types of scientific inquiry | discovery science and hypothesis based science | |
| 451392693 | mostly about describing science | discovery science | |
| 451392694 | mostly about explaining nature | hypothesis-based science | |
| 451392695 | describes the natural structure and processes as accurately as possible through careful observation and analysis of data | Discovery science | |
| 451392696 | Recorded observations | data | |
| 451392697 | numerical measurements | Quantitative data | |
| 451392698 | in the form of recorded description | Qualitative data | |
| 451392699 | scientist can derive generalizations based on a large number of specific observation | inductive reasoning | |
| 451392700 | logic flows from the general to the specific | deductive reasoning | |
| 451392701 | Scientific hypothesis must be | testable and falsifiable | |
| 451392702 | science cannot support or falsify supernatural explanations which are outside the bounds of science | naturalism | |
| 451392703 | much broader in scope than a hypothesis, general enough to generate many new specific hypotheses can be tested | theory | |
| 451392704 | may range from lifelike representations to symbolic schematics | models | |
| 451392705 | cooperation and competition both? | characterize scientific culture | |
| 451392706 | goal of science is to | understand natural phenomena | |
| 451392707 | applies scientific knowledge for some specific purpose | technology | |
| 451392708 | Science and technology are | interdependant |
