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| 462452196 | Evolution | Descent with modification; the idea that living species are descendants of ancestral species that were different from the present-day ones; also defined more narrowly as the change in the genetic composition of a population from generation to generation | |
| 462452197 | Biology | The scientific study of life | |
| 462452198 | Emergent Properties | New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases | |
| 462452199 | Systems Biology | An approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of the interactions among the system's parts | |
| 462452200 | Global Climate Change | Increase in temperature and change in weather patterns all around the planet, due mostly to increasing atmospheric CO2 levels from the burning of fossil fuels. The increase in temperature, called global warming, is a major aspect of global climate change | |
| 462452201 | Eukaryotic Cell | A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with eukaryotic cells (protists, plants, fungi, and animals) are called eukaryotes | |
| 462452202 | Prokaryotic Cell | A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with prokaryotic cells (bacteria and archaea) are called prokaryotes | |
| 462452203 | DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid. A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule, consisting of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). Capable of being replicated and determining the inherited structure of a cell's protein | |
| 462452204 | Gene | A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses) | |
| 462452205 | Gene Expression | The process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins and instead function as RNAs | |
| 462452206 | Genome | The genetic material of an organism or virus; the complete complement of an organism's or virus's genes along with its noncoding nucleic acid sequences | |
| 462452207 | Genomics | The study of whole sets of genes and their interactions within a species, as well as genome comparisons between species | |
| 462452208 | Bioinformatics | The use of computers, software, and mathematical models to process and integrate biological information from large data sets | |
| 462452209 | Negative Feedback | A form of regulation in which accumulation of an end product of a process slows the process; in physiology, a primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a variable triggers a response that counteracts the initial change | |
| 462452210 | Positive Feedback | A form of regulation in which an end product of a process speeds up that process; in physiology, a control mechanism in which a change in a variable triggers a response that reinforces or amplifies the change | |
| 462452211 | Domain Bacteria | One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being Archaea | |
| 462452212 | Domain Archaea | One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being bacteria | |
| 462452213 | Domain Eukarya | The domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms | |
| 462452214 | Natural Selection | a process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits | |
| 462452215 | Science | An approach to understanding the natural world | |
| 462452216 | Inquiry | The search for information and explanation, often focusing on specific questions | |
| 462452217 | Data | Recorded observations | |
| 462452218 | Inductive Reasoning | A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations | |
| 462452219 | Hypothesis | A testable explanation for a set of observations based on the available data and guided by inductive reasoning. A hypothesis is narrower in scope than a theory | |
| 462452220 | Deductive Reasoning | a type of logic in which specific results are predicted from a general premise | |
| 462452221 | Controlled Experiment | An experiment in which an experimental group is compared with a control group that varies only in the factor being tested | |
| 462452222 | Theory | an explanation that is broader in scope than a hypothesis, generates new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence | |
| 462452223 | Model Organism | a particular species chosen for research into broad biological principles because it is representative of a larger group and usually easy to grow in a lab | |
| 462452224 | Technology | The application of scientific knowledge for a specific purpose, often involving industry or commerce but also including uses in basic research |
