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AP Biology Chapter 20: Biotechnology Flashcards

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6326844756Recombinant DNADNA produced by combining DNA from different sources0
6326844757BiotechnologyA form of technology that uses living organisms, usually genes, to modify products, to make or modify plants and animals, or to develop other microorganisms for specific purposes.1
6326844758PlasmidsSmall rings of DNA found naturally in some bacterial cells in addition to the main bacterial chromosome. Can contain genes for antibiotic resistance, or other "contingency" functions.2
6326844759Gene CloningThe production of multiple copies of a gene.3
6326844760Restriction enzymesEnzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides4
6326844761Sticky endA single-stranded end of a double-stranded DNA restriction fragment.5
6326844762DNA LigaseA linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3' end of a new DNA fragment to the 5' end of a growing chain.6
6326844763Cloning vectorDNA molecules that can carry foreign DNA into a host cell and replicate there.7
6326844764Complimentary DNA (cDNA)is made from mRNA by reverse transcriptase8
6326844765polymerase chain reaction (PCR)A method of producing thousands of copies of DNA segment using the enzyme DNA polymerase9
6326844766gel electrophoresisProcedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an electrical voltage to the gel10
6326844767southern blottingA hybridization technique that enables researchers to determine the presence of certain nucleotide sequences in a sample of DNA.11
6326844768reverse transcriptase- PCRAn enzyme encoded by some certain viruses (retroviruses) that uses RNA as a template for DNA synthesis.12
6326844769Genetic profileAn individual's unique set of genetic markers, detected most often today by PCR or, previously, by electrophoresis and nucleic acid probes.13

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