Terms : Hide Images
| 4924436076 | Macroevolution | Evolutionary change above species level. | 0 | |
| 4924436077 | Microevolution. | Evolutionary change within allele frequencies in species. | 1 | |
| 4924436078 | Hardy-Weinberg Equations | Used to calculate allele frequencies to determine if evolution is occuring. | 2 | |
| 4924436079 | Allele Frequency Equation | p + q = 1 | 3 | |
| 4924436080 | p | Frequency of dominant allele. | 4 | |
| 4924436081 | q | Frequency of recessive allele. | 5 | |
| 4924436082 | Genotype Frequency Equation | p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 | 6 | |
| 4924436083 | p^2 | Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals. | 7 | |
| 4924436084 | 2pq | Frequency of heterozygote individuals. | 8 | |
| 4924436085 | q^2 | Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals. | 9 | |
| 4924436086 | Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium | Large population size, no gene flow (immigration/ emigration), no mutations, random mating, and no natural selection. | 10 | |
| 4924436087 | Factors that Lead to a Change in Allele Frequency | Small population size (genetic drift), bottleneck, founder effect. | 11 | |
| 4924436088 | Genetic Drift | A process in which chance events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next; effects are most pronounced in small populations. | 12 | |
| 4924436089 | Bottleneck | Genetic drift that occurs when the size of a population is reduced, as by a natural disaster or human actions; typically, the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population | 13 | |
| 4924436090 | Founder Effect | Genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population whose gene pool composition is not reflective of that of the original population. | 14 | |
| 4924436091 | Sexual Selection | Adaptive changes that lead to an increased ability to secure a mate. | 15 | |
| 4924436092 | Sexual Dimorphism | A difference in secondary sexual characteristics between males and females of the same species (size, color, ornamentation, behavior). | 16 | |
| 4924436093 | Natural Selection | Only mechanism of evolution that leads to adaptation to environment. | 17 | |
| 4924436094 | Directional Selection | A mode of natural selection in which an extreme phenotype is favored over other phenotypes, causing the allele frequency to shift over time in the direction of that phenotype. |  | 18 |
| 4924436095 | Disruptive Selection | Describes changes in population genetics in which extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate values. In this case, the variance of the trait increases and the population is divided into two distinct groups. |  | 19 |
| 4924436096 | Stabilizing Selection | Instead of favoring individuals with extreme phenotypes, it favors the intermediate variants. It reduces phenotypic variation and maintains the status quo. |  | 20 |
| 4924436097 | Diploidy | Unfavorable recessive alleles can "hide" in the population as heterozygotes. Only expressed when two heterozygotes have offspring. | 21 | |
| 4924436098 | Balanced Polymorphism | Natural selection maintains stable frequencies of two or more phenotypes in a population (heterozygote advantage). | 22 | |
| 4924436099 | Genetic Variation | Differences among individuals in the composition of their genes or other DNA sequences. | 23 | |
| 4924436100 | Gene Flow | The transfer of alleles into or out of a population due to the movement of fertile individuals or their gametes. | 24 | |
| 4924436101 | Neutral Variation | Differences in DNA sequence that do not confer a selective advantage or disadvantage. | 25 |
