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| 7591841469 | artificial selection | the selective breading of domesticated plants and animals to encourage the occurance of desirable traits. | 0 | |
| 7591841471 | catastrophism | the principle that events in the past occured suddenly and were caused by different mechanisms than those operating today. | 1 | |
| 7591841472 | descent with modification | passing traits from parent to offspring (Evolution). | 2 | |
| 7591841473 | endemic | referring to a species that is confined to a specific geographic area. | 3 | |
| 7591841474 | fossil | preserved remnant or impression of an organims that lived in the past. | 4 | |
| 7591841475 | gradualism | hypothesis that evolution proceeds by accumulation of gradual changes, profound change is the cummulative product of slow but continuous processes. | 5 | |
| 7591841476 | homologous structures | structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry. | 6 | |
| 7591841479 | vestigial organs | remnants of useful structures passed down by common ancestry, it is an example of anatomical homology. | 7 | |
| 7591841485 | taxonomy | scientific discipline concerned with naming and classifying the diverse forms of life. | 8 | |
| 7591841498 | bottleneck effect | genetic drift that occurs when size of a population is reduced, as by natural disaster or human action. Typically, the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population. | 9 | |
| 7591841499 | cline | a graded change in a character along a geographic axis. | 10 | |
| 7591841502 | founder effect | genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from larger population and form a new population whose gene pool composition is not reflective of that of the original population. | 11 | |
| 7591841504 | gene flow | transfer of alleles from one population to another, resulting from movement of fertile individuals or their gametes. | 12 | |
| 7591841505 | gene pool | aggregate (collection) of all copies of every type of allele at all loci in every individual in a population. | 13 | |
| 7591841506 | genetic drift | process in which chance events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next. Effects are most pronounced in small populations. | 14 | |
| 7591841507 | geographic variation | differences between the gene pool of geographically separate populations or popular subgroups. May lead to formation of species. | 15 | |
| 7591841508 | Hardy-Weinburg | - formula: p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 & p+q = 1 - equilibrium - gene pool is at a state of equilibrium | 16 | |
| 7591841509 | heterozygote advantage | greater reproductive success of heterozygous individuals compared with homozygotes; tends to preserve variation in gene pool. | 17 | |
| 7591841512 | microevolution | evolutionary change below species level, change in allele frequencies in population over generations. | 18 | |
| 7591841515 | mutation | change in nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA | 19 | |
| 7591841518 | polymorphism | two or more distinct morphs are each represented in high enough frequencies to be noticeable (example: ABO blood types). | 20 | |
| 7591841519 | population genetics | genetic variation within populations and recognizes importance of quantitative characters. | 21 | |
| 7591841520 | population | group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring. | 22 | |
| 7591841521 | relative fitness | contribution an individual makes to gene pool of next generation, relative to contributions of other individuals in population. | 23 | |
| 7591841522 | sexual dimorphism | differences between secondary sex characters between males and females (diffrences other than anatomy). | 24 | |
| 7591841523 | species | members have potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offsprings, but don't produce viable, fertile offsprings with members of other such groups. | 25 | |
| 7591841524 | directional selection | natural selection where individuals at one end of phenotypic range survive or reproduce more successfully than do other individuals (shift in one direction or the other favoring a once relatively rare phenotype). |  | 26 |
| 7591841525 | diversifying/disruptive selection | favors variants at both ends of distribution (both extremes). |  | 27 |
| 7591841526 | stabilizing selection | removes extremes from population and preserves intermediate types (favors common forms). |  | 28 |
| 7591841535 | macroevolution | evolutionary change above species level. Origin of new group of organisms through a series of speciation events and the impact of mass extinctions on the diversity of live and its subsequent recovery. | 29 | |
| 7591841536 | polyploidy | chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets. Result of accident of cell division. | 30 | |
| 7591841538 | prezygotic barrier | a reproductive barrier that impends mating between species or hinders fertilization if interspecific mating is attempted. | 31 | |
| 7591841539 | punctuated equilibrium | in the fossil record, long periods of apparent stasis, in which a species undergoes little or no morphological change, interrupted by relatively brief periods of sudden change. | 32 | |
| 7591841540 | speciation | an evolutionary process in which one species splits into two or more species. | 33 | |
| 7591841543 | habitat isolation | two species that occupy different habitats within the same area may encounter each other rarely, if at all, even though they are not isolated by obvious physical barriers. | 34 | |
| 7591841544 | behavioral isolation | courtship rituals that attract mates and other behaviors unique to a species are effective reproductive barriers, even between closely related species. Such behavioral rituals enable mate recognition; a way to identify potential mates of the same species. | 35 | |
| 7591841545 | temporal isolation | species that breed during different times of the day, different seasons, or different years can not mix their gametes. | 36 | |
| 7591841546 | mechanical isolation | mating is attempted, but morphological differences prevent its successful completion. | 37 | |
| 7591841547 | gametic isolation | sperm of one species may not be able to fertilize the eggs of another species. Sperm may not be able to survive in the reproductive tract of females of the other species, or biochemical mechanisms may prevent the sperm from penetrating the membrane surrounding the other species' eggs. | 38 | |
| 7591841548 | reduced hybrid viability | the genes of different parent species may interact in ways that impair the hybrid's development or survival in its environment. | 39 | |
| 7591841549 | reduced hybrid fertility | even if hybrids are vigorous, they may be sterile. If the chromosomes of the two parent species differ in number or structure, meiosis in the hybrids may fail to produce normal gametes. Since the infertile hybrids cannot produce offspring when they mate with either parent species, genes cannot flow freely between the species. | 40 | |
| 7591841551 | analogy | similarity between two species that is due to convergent evolution rather than to descent from a common ancestor with the same trait. | 41 | |
| 7591841553 | binomial (nomenclature) | the two-part, latinized format for naming a species, consisting of the genus and species epithet; a binomen. | 42 | |
| 7591841554 | clade | a groups of species that includes an ancestral species and all of its descendants. | 43 | |
| 7591841555 | cladogram | phylogenetic diagram based on cladistics (phylogenetic tree) | 44 | |
| 7591841557 | class | in Linnaean classification, the taxonomic category above the level order. | 45 | |
| 7591841558 | convergent evolution | the evolution of similar features in independent evolutionary lineages (not because of common ancestry, but because of similar adaptations) | 46 | |
| 7591841559 | family | in Linnaean classification, the taxonomic category above genus. | 47 | |
| 7591841560 | fossil record | records of fossils (helps phylogenetic systematics) | 48 | |
| 7591841561 | genus | a taxonomic category above the species level, designated by the first word of a species' two-part scientific name. | 49 | |
| 7591841563 | kingdom | a taxonomic category, the second broadest after domain. | 50 | |
| 7591841566 | order | in Linnaean classification, the taxonomic category above the level of family. | 51 | |
| 7591841569 | phyla (phylum) | in Linnaean classification, the taxonomic category above class. | 52 | |
| 7591841570 | phylogeny | the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species. | 53 | |
| 7591841571 | shared derived character | an evolutionary novelty that is unique to a particular clade. | 54 | |
| 7591841572 | shared ancestral character | a character, shared by members of a particular clade, that originated in an ancestor that is not a member of that clade. | 55 | |
| 7591841575 | taxon (taxa) | a named taxonomic unit at any given level of classification. | 56 | |
| 7594881935 | 0.3 | The frequency of a recessive allele in a large population is 0.7. What would you expect for the frequency of the dominant allele? | 57 | |
| 7594913641 | the frequency of the homozygous dominant individuals | In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what does the p^2 represent? | 58 | |
| 7594929723 | the frequency of the homozygous recessive individuals | In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what does the q^2 represent? | 59 | |
| 7594933505 | the frequency of the heterozygous individuals | In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what does the 2pq represent? | 60 | |
| 7594952631 | 0.8 | If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and 64% of the individuals show the recessive phenotype, what would you expect for the frequency of the recessive allele in the population (q) ? | 61 | |
| 7594988895 | 0.4 | If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and 36% of the individuals show the recessive phenotype, what would you expect for the frequency of the dominant allele in the population (p) ? | 62 |
