Vocabulary words from the AP Edition of Campbell Biology, Chapter 2.
Terms : Hide Images
| 217088653 | matter | anything that takes up space and has mass | 0 | |
| 217088654 | element | a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions | 1 | |
| 217088655 | compound | a substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio | 2 | |
| 217088656 | essential elements | elements that an organism needs to live a healthy life and reproduce | 3 | |
| 217088657 | trace elements | elements required by an organism in only minute quantities | 4 | |
| 217088658 | atom | smalles unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element | 5 | |
| 217088659 | neutrons | a particle with a neutral charge | 6 | |
| 217088660 | protons | positively charged particle | 7 | |
| 217088661 | electron | negatively charged particle | 8 | |
| 217088662 | atomic nucleus | a dense core of tightly packed protons and neutrons | 9 | |
| 217088663 | dalton | measure of mass for atoms and subatomic particles, same as amu | 10 | |
| 217088664 | atomic number | number of protons in an element | 11 | |
| 217088665 | mass number | sum of neutrons and protons in an atom's nucleus | 12 | |
| 217088666 | atomic mass | total mass of the protons and neutrons in an atom | 13 | |
| 217088667 | isotopes | different atomic forms of the same element (different number of neutrons) | 14 | |
| 217088668 | radioactive isotope | nucleus of the isotope can spontaneously decay | 15 | |
| 217088669 | energy | the capacity to cause change | 16 | |
| 217088670 | potential energy | energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure | 17 | |
| 217088671 | electron shells | an energy level representing the distance of an electron from the nucleus of an atom. | 18 | |
| 217088672 | valence electrons | electrons in the outermost electron shell of an atom | 19 | |
| 217088673 | valence shell | outermost electron shell of an atom | 20 | |
| 217088674 | orbital | three-dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time | 21 | |
| 217088675 | chemical bonds | attractive forces that hold atoms together | 22 | |
| 217088676 | covalent bond | two atoms shares a pair of valence electrons | 23 | |
| 217088677 | molecule | two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds | 24 | |
| 217088678 | single bond | one pair of shared electrons | 25 | |
| 217088679 | double bond | two pairs of shared electrons | 26 | |
| 217088680 | valence | the bonding capacity of an atom, usually equal to the number of unpaired electrons required to complete the atoms' valence shell | 27 | |
| 217088681 | electronegativity | attraction of a particular atom for the electrons of a covalent bond | 28 | |
| 217088682 | nonpolar covalent bond | covalent bond where electrons are shared equally | 29 | |
| 217088683 | polar covalent bond | a covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally | 30 | |
| 217088684 | ion | a charged atom or molecule | 31 | |
| 217088685 | cation | a positively charged ion | 32 | |
| 217088686 | anion | a negatively charged ion | 33 | |
| 217088687 | ionic bond | the attraction of anions and cations to each other | 34 | |
| 217088688 | ionic compounds | compounds formed by ionic bonds | 35 | |
| 217088689 | salts | compounds formed by ionic bonds | 36 | |
| 217088690 | hydrogen bond | noncovalent attraction between a hydrogen and an electronegative atom | 37 | |
| 217088691 | van der Waals interactions | weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules, brought about by localized charge fluctuations | 38 | |
| 217088692 | reactants | starting materials of a reaction | 39 | |
| 217088693 | products | ending materials of a reaction | 40 | |
| 217088694 | chemical equilibrium | point at which reactions offset one another exactly | 41 |
