AP Biology Mader 11th ed Chapter 2
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| 4794539599 | Acid | Solution in which a substance will dissociate in water nmaking more H+ ions than OH- ions. will have a number less than 7 on the pH scale | 0 | |
| 4794539600 | Atom | Smallest particle of an element that displays the properties of the element. | 1 | |
| 4794539601 | Atomic Mass | sum of protons and neutrons, or, average of atom mass units for all the isotopes of an atom. | 2 | |
| 4794539602 | Atomic symbol | One or two letters that represent the name of an element | 3 | |
| 4794539603 | Base | Solution in which a substance will dissociate in water nmaking more OH- ions than H+ ions. will have a number more than 7 on the pH scale | 4 | |
| 4794539604 | Buffer | Substance or group of substances that tend to resist pH changes of a solution, thus stabilizing its relative acidity and basicity. | 5 | |
| 4794539605 | Calorie: | amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water 1 degree C. | 6 | |
| 4794539606 | Compound | Substance having two or more different elements in a fixed ratio. | 7 | |
| 4794539607 | Covalent bond | Chemical bond in which atoms share one pair of electrons | 8 | |
| 4794539608 | Electron | subatomic particle, moving about in an energy level around the nucleus of an atom. | 9 | |
| 4794539609 | Electronegativity | The ability of an atom to attract electrons toward itself in a chemical bond | 10 | |
| 4794539610 | Electron shell: | The average location, or energy level, of an electron in an atom. Often drawn as concentric circles around the nucleus. | 11 | |
| 4794539611 | Element: | Substances that cannot be broken down into substances with different properties; composed of only one type of atom | 12 | |
| 4794539612 | Formula: | A group of symbols and numbers used to express the composition of a compound. | 13 | |
| 4794539613 | Hydrogen bond: | Weak bond that arises between a slightly positive hydrogen atom of one molecule and a slightly negative atom of another molecule or between parts of the same molecule. | 14 | |
| 4794539614 | Hydrogen ion (H+): | Hydrogen atom that has lost its electron and therefore bears a positive charge. | 15 | |
| 4794539615 | Hydrophilic: | Type of molecule, often polar, that interacts with water by dissolving in water and/or by forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules. "Water Loving" | 16 | |
| 4794539616 | Hydrophobic: | Type of molecule, that is typically nonpolar, and therefore does not interact easily with water. "Water Fearing" | 17 | |
| 4794539617 | Hydroxide ion (OH-): | One of two ions that results when a water molecule dissociates; it has gained an electron and therefore bears a negative charge. | 18 | |
| 4794539618 | Ion: | Charged particle that carries a negative or positive charge. | 19 | |
| 4794539619 | Ionic bond: | Chemical bond in which ions are attracted to one another by opposite charges. | 20 | |
| 4794539620 | Isotope: | Atoms of the same element having the same atomic number but a different mass number due to a variation in the number of neutrons. | 21 | |
| 4794539621 | Mass Number: | Mass of an atom equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons within the nucleus. | 22 | |
| 4794539622 | Matter: | Anything that takes up space and has mass. | 23 | |
| 4794539623 | Molecule: | Union of two or more atoms of the same element; also, the smallest part of a compound that retains the properties of the compound. | 24 | |
| 4794539624 | Neutron: | Neutral subatomic particle, located in the nucleus and assigned one atomic mass unit. | 25 | |
| 4794539625 | nonpolar covalent bond | Bond in which the sharing of electrons between atoms is fairly equal. | 26 | |
| 4794539626 | Octet rule: | The observation that an atom is most stable when its outer shell is complete and contains eight electrons; an exception is hydrogen which requires only two electrons in its outer shell to have a completed shell. | 27 | |
| 4794539627 | pH Scale: | Measurement scale for hydrogen ion concentration. Based on the formula -log[H+] | 28 | |
| 4794539628 | polar covalent bond: | Bond in which the sharing of electrons between atoms is unequal. | 29 | |
| 4794539629 | proton: | Positive subatomic particle located in the nucleus and assigned one atomic mass unit. | 30 | |
| 4794539630 | salt: | Solid substance formed by ionic bonds that usually dissociate into individual ions in water. | 31 | |
| 4794539631 | solute: | Substance that is dissolved in a solvent, forming a solution. | 32 | |
| 4794539632 | solution: | Fluid (the solvent) that contains a dissolved solid (the solute) | 33 | |
| 4794539633 | surface tension: | Force that holds moist membranes together due to the attraction of water molecules through hydrogen bonds. | 34 | |
| 4794539634 | valence shell: | The outer electron shell of an atom. Contains the valence electrons, which determine the chemical reactivity of the atom. | 35 |
