Campbell & Reece- 6th Edition
Unit One: The Chemistry of Life
CHAPTER 2: THE CHEMICAL CONTEXT OF LIFE
Terms : Hide Images
| 302889997 | Matter | anything that has mass and occupies space | 0 | |
| 302889998 | Element | a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances | 1 | |
| 302914334 | Compound | a substance consisting of two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio | 2 | |
| 302914335 | Trace Element | An element that is essential for life but required in extremely minute amounts. | 3 | |
| 302914336 | Atom | the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element; basic unit of matter | 4 | |
| 302914337 | Neutron | a subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom | 5 | |
| 302914338 | Proton | a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom | 6 | |
| 302914339 | Electron | a subatomic particle that has a negative charge and that is found orbiting the nucleus in the electron cloud | 7 | |
| 302914340 | Atomic Nucleus | An atom's central core, containing protons and neutrons. | 8 | |
| 302914341 | Dalton | a measure of mass for atoms and subatomic particles; the same as the Atomic Mass Unit | 9 | |
| 302914342 | Atomic Number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; written as a subscript to the left of the symbol for the element | 10 | |
| 302914343 | Mass Number | the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus | 11 | |
| 302914344 | Atomic Weight | the average mass of an atom of an element | 12 | |
| 302914345 | Isotope | one of two or more atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers of neutrons | 13 | |
| 302914346 | Radioactive Isotope | isotope in which the nucleus decays (breaks down) over time, giving off radiation in the form of matter and energy | 14 | |
| 302914347 | Energy | the ability to do work | 15 | |
| 302914348 | Potential Energy | stored energy | 16 | |
| 302914350 | Electron Shells | an energy level representing the distance of an electron from the nucleus of an atom. | 17 | |
| 302914351 | Energy Levels | The possible energies that electrons in an atom can have. | 18 | |
| 302914352 | Valence Electrons | The electrons in the outermost shell (main energy level) of an atom; these are the electrons involved in forming bonds. | 19 | |
| 302914353 | Valence Shell | The outermost energy shell of an atom, containing the valence electrons involved in the chemical reactions of that atom. | 20 | |
| 302914354 | Orbital | a three dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron | 21 | |
| 302944610 | Chemical Bond | the force that holds two atoms together | 22 | |
| 302944611 | Covalent Bond | a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons | 23 | |
| 302944612 | Molecule | two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds | 24 | |
| 302944613 | Structural Formula | represents the covalent bonds by dashes and shows the arrangement of covalently bonded atoms | 25 | |
| 302944614 | Molecular Formula | a chemical formula that shows the number and kinds of atoms in a molecule, but not the arrangement of the atoms. | 26 | |
| 302944615 | Double Covalent Bond | a bond in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons | 27 | |
| 302944616 | Valence | the bonding capacity of a given atom; usually equals the number of unpaired electrons required to complete the atom's outermost (valence) shell. | 28 | |
| 302944617 | Electronegativity | The ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound | 29 | |
| 302944618 | Nonpolar Covalent Bond | a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge | 30 | |
| 302944619 | Polar Covalent Bond | A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive. | 31 | |
| 302947914 | Ion | a particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative) | 32 | |
| 302947915 | Cation | a positively charged ion | 33 | |
| 302947916 | Anion | a negatively charged ion | 34 | |
| 302947917 | Ionic Bond | a chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains to electron to form a negative ion | 35 | |
| 302947918 | Ionic Compound | a compound that consists of positive and negative ions | 36 | |
| 302947919 | Salts | compounds made of a metal and nonmetal that are formed when acids and bases react | 37 | |
| 302947920 | Hydrogen Bond | weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms | 38 | |
| 302947921 | Van Der Waals Interactions | Weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that result from localized charge fluctuations. | 39 | |
| 302947922 | Chemical Reactions | the process in which chemical bonds are broken and/or formed | 40 | |
| 302947923 | Reactants | the starting materials in a chemical reaction | 41 | |
| 302947924 | Products | the elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction | 42 | |
| 302947925 | Chemical Equilibrium | a state of balance in which the rate of a forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction and the concentrations of products and reactants remain unchanged | 43 |
