AP Biology Mader 11th ed. Chapter 3
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| 4891568603 | ADP (adenosine diphosphate): | nucleotide with two phosphate groups that can accept another phosphate group and become ATP | 0 | |
| 4891568604 | Amino acid: | organic molecule composed of an amino group and an acid group; covalently bonds to produce peptide molecules. | 1 | |
| 4891568605 | ATP (adenosine triphosphate): | nucleotide with three phosphate groups. The breakdown of ATP into ADP + P makes energy available for energy-requiring processes in cells. | 2 | |
| 4891568606 | Biomolecule: | organic molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and fats. | 3 | |
| 4891568607 | Carbohydrate: | class of organic compounds that typically contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio; includes the monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. | 4 | |
| 4891568608 | Cellulose: | a polysaccharide that is the major complex carbohydrate in plant cell walls, and chitin. | 5 | |
| 4891568610 | Chitin: | strong but flexible nitrogenous polysaccharides found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and in the cell walls of fungi | 6 | |
| 4891568613 | Dehydration reaction: | chemical reaction in which a water molecule is released during the formation of a covalent bond. | 7 | |
| 4891568614 | Denatured: | loss of protein's or enzyme's normal shape so that it no longer functions; usually caused by a less than optimal pH and temperature. | 8 | |
| 4891568616 | Disaccharide: | sugar that contains two monosaccharide units; e.g. maltose | 9 | |
| 4891568617 | DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | nucleic acid polymer produced from covalent bonding of nucleotide monomers that contain the sugar deoxyribose; the genetic material of nearly all organisms | 10 | |
| 4891568618 | Enzyme: | organic catalyst, usually a protein, that speeds a reaction in cells due to its particular shape | 11 | |
| 4891568619 | Fat: | organic molecule that contains glycerol and three fatty acids; energy storage molecule | 12 | |
| 4891568620 | Fatty acid: | molecule that contains a hydrocarbon chain and ends with an acid group | 13 | |
| 4891568622 | Functional group: | specific cluster of atoms attached to the carbon skeleton of organic molecules that enters into reactions and behaves in a predictable way | 14 | |
| 4891568624 | Glucose: | six-carbon monosaccharide; used as an energy source during cellular respiration and as a monomer of the structural polysaccharides. | 15 | |
| 4891568625 | Glycerol: | three-carbon carbohydrate with three hydroxyl groups attached; a component of fats and oils | 16 | |
| 4891568626 | Glycogen: | storage polysaccharide found in animals; composed of glucose molecules joined in a linear fashion but having numerous branches | 17 | |
| 4891568629 | Hydrolysis reaction: | splitting of a chemical bond by the addition of water, with the H+ going to one molecule and the OH- going to the other. | 18 | |
| 4891568630 | Hydrophilic: | type of molecule, often polar, that interacts with water by dissolving in water and/or by forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules. "Water loving" | 19 | |
| 4891568631 | Hydrophobic: | type of molecule, that is typically nonpolar, and therefore does not interact easily with water. "afraid of water" | 20 | |
| 4891568633 | Isomer: | molecules with the same molecular formula but different structure, and therefore a different shape. | 21 | |
| 4891568634 | Lipid: | class of organic compounds that tends to be soluble in nonpolar solvents; includes fats and oils | 22 | |
| 4891568635 | Monomer: | small molecule that is a subunit of a polymer -e.g., glucose is a monomer of starch | 23 | |
| 4891568636 | Monosaccharide: | simple sugar; a carbohydrate that cannot be broken down by hydrolysis ---e.g., glucose; also any monomer of the polysaccharides | 24 | |
| 4891568639 | Oil: | triglyceride, usually of plant origin, that is composed of glycerol and three fatty acids and is liquid in consistency due to many unsaturated bonds in the hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids. | 25 | |
| 4891568641 | Organic molecule: | molecule that always contains carbon and hydrogen, and often contains oxygen as well; organic molecules are associated with living things. | 26 | |
| 4891568643 | Peptide: | two or more amino acids joined together by covalent bonding | 27 | |
| 4891568644 | Peptide bond: | type of covalent bond that joins two amino acids | 28 | |
| 4891568646 | Phospholipid: | molecule that forms the bilayer of the cell's membranes; has a polar, hydrophilic head bonded to two nonpolar, hydrophobic tails. | 29 | |
| 4891568647 | Polymer: | macromolecule consisting of a covalently bonded monomers; for example, a polypeptide is a polymer of monomers called amino acids. | 30 | |
| 4891568648 | Polypeptide: | polymer of many amino acids linked by peptide bonds. | 31 | |
| 4891568649 | Polysaccharide: | polymer made from carbohydrate monomers; the polysaccharides starch and glycogen are polymers of glucose monomers | 32 | |
| 4891568651 | Protein: | polymer of amino acids; often consisting of one or more polypeptides and having a complex three dimensional shape | 33 | |
| 4891568654 | Saturated fatty acid: | fatty acid molecule that lacks double bonds between the carbons of its hydrocarbon chain. Th chain bears the maximum number of hydrogens possible. | 34 | |
| 4891568655 | Starch: | storage polysaccharide found in plants that is composed of glucose molecules joined in a linear fashion with a few side chains | 35 | |
| 4891568656 | Steroid: | type of lipid molecule having a complex of four carbon rings -e.g., cholesterol, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone. | 36 | |
| 4891568658 | Triglyceride: | neutral fat composed of glycerol and three fatty acids; typically involved in energy storage | 37 | |
| 4891568659 | Unsaturated fatty acid: | fatty acid molecule that contains double bonds between some carbons of its hydrocarbon chain; thus contains fewer hydrogens than a saturated hydrocarbon chain | 38 |
