AP Biology: Chapter 3 Vocabulary
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| 1275878117 | Organic Chemistry | The chemistry of living things. | 1 | |
| 1275878118 | Inorganic Chemistry | The chemistry of nonliving matter. | 2 | |
| 1275878119 | Organic Molecules | Molecules that contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms. | 3 | |
| 1275878120 | Biomolecules | The four classes or organic compounds in any living thing; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. | 4 | |
| 1275878121 | Functional Group | A specific combination of bonded atoms that always reacts in the same way, regardless of the particular carbon skeleton. | 5 | |
| 1275878122 | Hydrophobic | Not soluble in water. | 6 | |
| 1275878123 | Hydrphilic | Soluble in water. | 7 | |
| 1275878124 | Isomers | Organic molecules that have identical molecular formulas but a different arrangement of atoms. | 8 | |
| 1301010053 | Polymers | The largest biomolecules; constructed by linking together a large number of the same type of sub-unit. | 9 | |
| 1301010054 | Monomers | Small molecule that is a subunit of a polymer. | 10 | |
| 1301010055 | Dehydration Reaction | When a cell uses a condensation reaction to synthesize any type of biomolecules. | 11 | |
| 1301010056 | Hydrolysis Reaction | Splitting of a chemical bond by the addition of water, with the H+ going to one molecule and the OH- going to the other. | 12 | |
| 1301010057 | Enzyme | A molecule that speeds a reaction by bringing reactants together and helping them to form new molecules. | 13 | |
| 1301010058 | Carbohydrates | Universally used as an immediate energy source in living things, but they also play structural roles in a variety of organisms. | 14 | |
| 1301010059 | Monosaccharides | Consists of only a single sugar molecule and are called simple sugars. | 15 | |
| 1301010060 | Glucose | A six-carbon monosaccharide. | 16 | |
| 1301010061 | Hexose | Any monosaccharide that contains six carbons. | 17 | |
| 1301010062 | Ribose | Pentose sugar found in RNA. | 18 | |
| 1301010063 | Deoxyribose | Pentose sugar found in DNA. | 19 | |
| 1301010064 | Pentose | Five carbon monosaccharide. | 20 | |
| 1301010065 | Disaccharide | Contains two monosaccharides that have joined during a dehydration reaction. | 21 | |
| 1301010066 | Polysaccharide | Polymers of monosaccharides. | 22 | |
| 1301010067 | Starch | Storage polysaccharide found in plants that is composed of glucose molecules joined in a linear fashion with few side chains. | 23 | |
| 1301010068 | Glycogen | Storage polysaccharides found in animals. | 24 | |
| 1301010069 | Cellulose | Polysaccharide that is the major complex carbohydrates in plant cell walls. | 25 | |
| 1301010070 | Chitin | Strong but flexible nitrogenous polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and in the cell walls of fungi. | 26 | |
| 1301010071 | Peptidoglycan | Polysaccharides that contains short chains of amino acids. | 27 | |
| 1301010072 | Lipids | Class of organic compounds that tends to be soluble in nonpolar solvents. | 28 | |
| 1301010073 | Fats | Organic molecule that contains glycerol and three fatty acids. | 29 | |
| 1301010074 | Oils | Triglyceride, usually of plant origin, that is composed of glycerol and three fatty acids and is liquid in consistency due to many unsaturated bonds in the hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids. | 30 | |
| 1301010075 | Fatty Acid | Molecule that contains a hydrocarbon chain and ends with an acid group. | 31 | |
| 1301010076 | Saturated Fatty Acids | Fatty acid molecule that lacks double bonds between the carbons of its hydrocarbon chain. | 32 | |
| 1301010077 | Unsaturated Fatty Acids | Fatty acid molecules that contains double bonds between some carbons of its hydrocarbon chain. | 33 | |
| 1301010078 | Glycerol | Three carbon carbohydrate with three hydroxyl groups attached. | 34 | |
| 1301010079 | Triglycerides | Natural fat composed of glycerol and three fatty acids. | 35 | |
| 1301010080 | Phopholipids | Molecule that forms the bilayer of the cells membranes. | 36 | |
| 1301010081 | Steroids | Type of lipid molecule having a complex of four carbon rings. | 37 | |
| 1301010082 | Waxes | Long-chain fatty acids bond with long-chain alcohols. | 38 | |
| 1301010083 | Proteins | Polymer of amino acids. Metabolism, support, transport, hemoglobin, defense, regulation, and motion. | 39 | |
| 1301010084 | Metabolism | The sum of the chemical ractions that occur in a cell. | 40 | |
| 1301010085 | Support | Proteins that have a structural function. | 41 | |
| 1301010086 | Transport | Channel and carrier proteins in the plasma membrane regulate what substances enter and exit cells. | 42 | |
| 1301010087 | Hemoglobin | A complex protein that transports oxygen to tissues and cells. | 43 | |
| 1301010088 | Defense | Includes antibodies that are proteins of our immune system that combine with foreign substances. | 44 | |
| 1301010089 | Regulation | Hormones that are proteins that regulate how cells behave. | 45 | |
| 1301010090 | Motion | When the contractile proteins actin and myosin allow parts of cells to move and cause muscles to contract. | 46 | |
| 1301010091 | Peptide Bond | The resulting covalent bond between two amino acids. | 47 | |
| 1301010092 | Peptide | When two or more amino acids bond together. | 48 | |
| 1301010093 | Polypeptide | A chain of many amino acids joined by peptide bonds. | 49 | |
| 1301010094 | Amino Acids | Organic molecules composed of an amino group and an acid group. | 50 | |
| 1301010095 | Primary Structure | Primary structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids defined by a gene. | 51 | |
| 1301010096 | Secondary Structure | Secondary structure of a protein occurs when the polypeptide coils of folds in a particular way. | 52 | |
| 1301010097 | Fibrous Proteins | Structural proteins, existing only as helices or pleated sheets that hydrogen-bond to each other. | 53 | |
| 1301010098 | Tertiary Structure | The folding that results in the final three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide. | 54 | |
| 1301010099 | Globular Proteins | Most of the proteins in the body. | 55 | |
| 1306039164 | Denatured | When proteins lose their natural shape. | 56 | |
| 1306039165 | Quaternary Structure | When two or more folded polypeptides interact to perform a biological function. | 57 | |
| 1306039166 | Chaperone Proteins | Molecule that directs the proper folding of polypeptides. | 58 | |
| 1306039167 | Prions | Infectious particle consisting of protein only and no nucleic acid. | 59 | |
| 1306039168 | Nucleic Acids | Polymer of nucleotides. | 60 | |
| 1306039169 | DNA | Nucleic acid polymer produced from covalent bonding of nucleotide monomers that contain the sugar deoxyribose. | 61 | |
| 1306039170 | RNA | Nucleic acid that produced from covalent bonding of nucleotide monomers that contain the sugar ribose. | 62 | |
| 1306039171 | Coenzyme | Non-protein organic molecule that aids the action of the enzyme to which it is loosely bound. | 63 | |
| 1306039172 | ATP | Nucleotide with three phosphate groups. | 64 | |
| 1306039173 | Nucleotide | Monomer of DNA and RNA consisting of 5-carbon sugar bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. | 65 | |
| 1306039174 | Complementary Base Pairing | Hydrogen bonding between particular purines and pyrimidines. | 66 | |
| 1306039175 | ADP | Nucleotide with two phosphate groups that can accept another phosphate group and become ATP. | 67 |
