Campbell Biology Chapter 48 Notes/Flashcards
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| 1040097533 | Neuron | A cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses -Transfer information within the body | |
| 1040097534 | Ganglia | Simple groups of cells, a primitive brain | |
| 1040097535 | Central Nervous System (CNS)) | Includes brain and longitudinal nerve cord (aka spinal cord) | |
| 1040097536 | Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | Neurons that carry information in and out of the CNS | |
| 1040097537 | Nerves | Bundles of neurons | |
| 1040097538 | Sensory Neurons | Eyes, ears and other sensors detect external stimuli, or other internal conditions (blood pressure, etc.) | |
| 1040097539 | Interneurons | Form local circuits connecting neurons in the body, especially the brain | |
| 1040097540 | Motor Neurons | Transmit signals to muscle cells, causing contractions | |
| 1040097541 | Cell Body | Neuron's cell organelles are enclosed within this | |
| 1040097542 | Dendrites | Extensions branched off of neurons which receive signals | |
| 1040097543 | Axon | Extension that transmits signals to other cells | |
| 1040097544 | Synapse | Junction at the end of an axon | |
| 1040097545 | Neurotransmitters | Chemical messengers that pass information from the transmitting neurons to the receiving cell | |
| 1040097546 | Glia Cells | Supporting cells required by vertebrates and most invertebrates -Nourish neurons, insulate axons | |
| 1040097547 | Membrane Potential | Charge difference which comes from the attraction of opposite charges across a plasma membrane | |
| 1040097548 | Resting Potential | A neuron that is not sending a signal (Between -60 and -80 millivolts) | |
| 1040097549 | Ion Channels | Pores formed by clusters of specialized proteins that span the membrane | |
| 1040097550 | Gated Ion Channels | Ion channels that open/close in response to stimuli | |
| 1040097551 | Hyperpolarization | Increase in magnitude of membrane potential -Makes membrane more negative | |
| 1040097552 | Depolarization | The process during the action potential when sodium is rushing into the cell causing the interior to become more positive | |
| 1040097553 | Graded Potential | Shift in membrane potential that varies with stimulus | |
| 1040097554 | Action Potential | Massive change in membrane voltage | |
| 1040097555 | Voltage-Gated Ion Channels | Opening/closing when the membrane potential passes a particular level | |
| 1040097556 | Refractory Period | "Downtime" when a second action potential cannot be initiated | |
| 1040097557 | Myelin Sheath | Electrical insulation that surrounds vertebrate axons | |
| 1040097558 | Two Types of Glia | Oligodendrocytes and Schwann Cells | |
| 1040097559 | Nodes of Ranvier | Gaps in the myelin sheath | |
| 1040097560 | Ligand-Gated Ion Channel | Receptor protein that binds to and responds to neurotransmitters | |
| 1040097561 | Acetylcholine | A common neurotransmitter in invertebrates and vertebrates | |
| 1040097563 | Biogenic Amines | Includes: -Dopamine -Norepenephrine -Serotonin | |
| 1040097565 | Neuropeptides | Relatively short chains of amino acids | |
| 1040097566 | Endorphins | Natural analgesic, decreases pain perception |
