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AP Biology Chapter 4 Flashcards

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7434043716Organic ChemistryThe study of carbon compounds0
7434043717HydrocarbonsAn organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.1
7434043718IsomerOne of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties.2
7434043719Structural IsomerCompounds with the same molecular formula but different covalent arrangement of atoms.3
7434043720Geometric (cis-trans) IsomerIsomers with the same covalent partnerships but different spatial arrangements of atoms around a carbon=carbon double bond.4
7434043721EnantiomerMolecules that are mirror images of each other.5
7434043722Functional GroupsA specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.6
7434043723Hydroxyl GroupA chemical group consisting of an oxygen atom joined to a hydrogen atom. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.7
7434043724Amino GroupA chemical group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of 1⁺8
7434043725Carboxyl GroupA chemical group consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group9
7434043726Phosphate GroupA chemical group consisting of a phosphate atom bonded to four oxygen atoms; important in energy transfer.10
7434043727Sulfhydryl GroupA chemical group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.11
7434043728AlcoholOrganic compounds containing hydroxyl groups12
7434043729Carbonyl GroupA functional group present in aldehydes and ketones consisting of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom.13
7434043730AldehydeAn organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon chain.14
7434043731KetoneAn organic molecule with a carbonyl group located in the middle of the carbon chain.15
7434043732Carboxylic AcidAn organic compound containing a carboxyl group.16
7434043733AmineAn organic compound containing an amino group.17
7434043734ThiolAn organic compound containing a sulfhydryl group.18
7434043735Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive reactions in cells.19

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