Terms : Hide Images
| 7899923487 | Population | A group of individuals in a species living in the same general area -same resources -similar env'tal factors -interact/breed with each other | 0 | |
| 7899923488 | Density | # individuals per unit area or volume | 1 | |
| 7899923489 | Dispersion | Pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of a population | 2 | |
| 7899923490 | Mark-recapture method | Mark animals with tag or other system so they are recognized when captured again; a sampling technique used to estimate wildlife populations N = (s*n)/x Estimated population size = (# marked individuals in first sample * total # in second sample) / # marked in second sample | 3 | |
| 7899923491 | Immigration | The influx of new individuals from other areas | 4 | |
| 7899923492 | Emigration | Movement of individuals out of a population and into other locations | 5 | |
| 7899923493 | Patterns of dispersion | Clumped: most common; grouped where food is abundant or in relation to mating behavior (patches) Uniform: same amount of spacing between individuals Random: no pattern/arrangement | 6 | |
| 7899923494 | Territoriality | The defense of a bounded physical space against other individuals | 7 | |
| 7899923495 | Demography | The study of the vital statistics of populations and how they change over time -Birth/death rates | 8 | |
| 7899923496 | Life tables | Age-specific summaries of the survival pattern of a population |  | 9 |
| 7899923497 | Cohort | A group of individuals of the same age, from birth until all are dead | 10 | |
| 7899923498 | Survivorship curve | A plot of the proportion/numbers in a cohort that are still alive at certain ages Ideal chart is shown in image |  | 11 |
| 7899923499 | Reproductive table | Age-specific summary of the reproductive rates in a population -measuring reproductive output from birth to death -high reproductive rates will not lead to rapid pop. growth unless conditions are near ideal for the growth/survival of offspring | 12 | |
| 7899923500 | Equations to know | dN/dt = bN- dN (dN= change in pop size, dt = time, bN = per capita birth rate, dN= per capita death rate) *used for a discrete/fixed time interval r = b - m (r= per capita rate of increase) | 13 | |
| 7899923501 | Zero population growth (ZPG) | Occurs when birth and death rates are equal (r=0) | 14 | |
| 7899923502 | Exponential population growth | Population increase under ideal conditions (access to abundant food/free to reproduce at physiological capacity) dN/dt = rmax*N (rmax = maximum rate of increase for the species) J-shaped growth curve | 15 | |
| 7899923503 | Carrying capacity, K | The maximum population size that a particular env't can sustain -limiting factors to growth can be: energy, shelter, predators, nutrient availability, water | 16 | |
| 7899923504 | Logistic population growth | The per capita rate of increase approaches 0 as the carrying capacity is reached As N increases, r decreases dN/dt = rmax*N*((K-N)/K) When N is small compared to K, (K-N)/K is close to 1, and the per capita rate of increase (r) approaches its max When N is large and resources are limiting, (K-N)/K is close to 0 and r is small N=k; population stops growing *population growth rate is highest at 1/2K |  | 17 |
| 7899923505 | Allee effect | Individuals may have a more difficult time reproducing if the population size is too small | 18 | |
| 7899923506 | Life history | Made up of traits that affect an organism's schedule of reproduction and survival. 1) Age when reproduction begins (first reproduction or maturity) 2) How often the organism reproduces 3) Number of offspring produced per reproductive episode | 19 | |
| 7899923507 | Semelparity | Condition of having a single reproductive effort in a lifetime (large number of offspring produced at once) | 20 | |
| 7899923508 | Iteroparity | Reproduction in which adults produce offspring over many years; repeated reproduction. | 21 | |
| 7899923509 | What factors contribute to the evolution of semelparity vs. iteroparity? | The survival rate of the offspring The likelihood that the adult will survive to reproduce again | 22 | |
| 7899923510 | K-selection | Density-dependent selection -Selection for traits that are sensitive to population density are favored at high densities Carrying capacity almost reached; small fluctuations | 23 | |
| 7899923511 | r-selection | Selection for traits that maximize reproductive success in low density env'ts (density independent) Carrying capacity not reached; large bust/boom | 24 | |
| 7899923512 | Density independent | A birth or death rate that does not change with population density | 25 | |
| 7899923513 | Density dependent | A death rate that rises/birth rate that falls when population density increases *At equilibrium density (Q) birth and death rates are equal | 26 | |
| 7899923514 | Mechanisms of density-dependent regulation | Competition for resources Predation Toxic wastes Intrinsic factors Territoriality Disease | 27 | |
| 7899923515 | Population dynamics | Long-term data for populations that show fluctuation in size (from year to year/place to place) -Influenced by many factors and affect other species | 28 | |
| 7899923516 | Metapopulation | When a number of local populations are linked | 29 | |
| 7899923517 | Demographic transition | The movement between high birth and death rates toward low birth and death rates -Tends to accompany industrialization/improved living conditions | 30 | |
| 7899923518 | Age structure | The relative number of individuals of each age in the population | 31 | |
| 7899923519 | Ecological footprint | The amount of biologically productive land and water needed to support a person or population. | 32 |
