Cell structure, function, organelles, cellular respiration, etc. Chapter 6 of 8th edition Biology (Campbell & Reece).
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| 1084217071 | Light microscopes | Microscopes that focus light beams by using glass lenses | 1 | |
| 1084217072 | Resolution & Specimen of Light Microscopes | Microscopes that don't have high resolutions, but are used to study living specimen | 2 | |
| 1084217073 | Electron microscopes (EM) | Microscopes that focus electron beams using electromagnets | 3 | |
| 1084217074 | Resolution & Specimen of EM | High resolutions which can only be used on dead specimen | 4 | |
| 1084217075 | TEMs | Transmission electron microscopes; used to study internal cell structures by making thin slices | 5 | |
| 1084217076 | SEMs | Scanning electron microscopes; useful for studying surface structures | 6 | |
| 1084217077 | 4 things that all cells have | Plasma membranes, cytoplasm, chromatin, & ribosomes | 7 | |
| 1084217078 | Major difference between prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells | Nucleoid & nucleus | 8 | |
| 1084217079 | As a cell increases its size, ____________. | Its volume increases faster than its surface area | 9 | |
| 1084217080 | Cell membrane | Functions as a selective barrier that allows the passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes for the whole volume of the cell | 10 | |
| 1084217081 | The general structure of a biological structure | Nucleus | 11 | |
| 1084217082 | Where genes are located in the cell | Nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplast | 12 | |
| 1084217083 | Double membrane that separates nucleus from cytoplasm | Nuclear envelope | 13 | |
| 1084217084 | Within the nucleus, discrete units that organize DNA and associated proteins & carry genes | Chromosomes | 14 | |
| 1084217085 | Fibrous material that is a complex of proteins & DNA | Chromatin | 15 | |
| 1084217086 | A region of densely stained fibers and granules adjoining chromatin (located in the nucleus) | Nucleolus | 16 | |
| 1084217087 | Ribosomes | Organelles that carry out protein synthesis; contain rRNA & protein | 17 | |
| 1084217088 | Where free ribosomes are located | Cytoplasm | 18 | |
| 1084217089 | What free ribosomes make | In-house proteins for the cell | 19 | |
| 1084217090 | Where bound ribosomes are located | Rough endoplasmic reticulum | 20 | |
| 1084217091 | what bound ribosomes make | Export proteins & membranes | 21 | |
| 1084217092 | 6 parts of the endomembrane system | Nuclear membrane, ER, Golgi body, lysosomes, vacuoles, & cell membrane | 22 | |
| 1084217093 | Smooth ER | no ribosomes; creates lipids | 23 | |
| 1084217094 | Rough ER | ribosomes; creates proteins | 24 | |
| 1084217095 | Golgi body | center for packaging & transporting things | 25 | |
| 1084217096 | Vesicles | Where the Golgi sorts and packages materials | 26 | |
| 1084217097 | Lysosome | membrane-bound sac of hydrolytic enzymes that an animal cell uses to digest macromolecules | 27 | |
| 1084217098 | Apoptosis | Programmed cell death | 28 | |
| 1084217099 | Vacuoles | membrane-bound sacs that store food & water in cells | 29 | |
| 1084217100 | Nuclear membrane | A highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm | 30 | |
| 1084217101 | Endoplasmic reticulum | a cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another | 31 | |
| 1084217102 | Cell membrane | thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell | 32 | |
| 1084217103 | Tonoplast | Large central vacuole located in mature plant cells | 33 | |
| 1084217104 | Mitochondria | sites of cellular respiration, generating ATP from the catabolism of sugars, fats, and other fuels int he presence of oxygen | 34 | |
| 1084217105 | Chloroplasts | Found in plants and algae; sites of photosynthesis: convert solar energy to chemical energy and synthesize new organic compounds such as sugars from CO2 & H2O | 35 | |
| 1084217106 | Mitochondria and Chloroplasts | Not part of the endomembrane system | 36 | |
| 1084217107 | Reasons why M & C are not part of the ES | -2 membranes -have ribosomes/circular DNA attached to inner membrane -creates its own proteins -semi-autonomous organelles | 37 | |
| 1084217108 | Amyloplasts | Colorless plastids that store starch in roots and tubers (like potatoes) | 38 | |
| 1084217109 | Chromoplasts | Store pigments for fruits (like red peppers) and flowers | 39 | |
| 1084217110 | Chloroplasts | Contain the green pigment chlorophyll that functions in the photosynthetic production of sugar | 40 | |
| 1084217111 | Stroma | Fluid-filled space inside the innermost membrane that contains DNA, ribosomes, & enzymes | 41 | |
| 1084217112 | Thylakoids | Floating flattened membranous sacs that play a critical role in converting light to chemical energy | 42 | |
| 1084217113 | Grana | Thylakoids stacked like poker chips | 43 | |
| 1084217114 | Peroxisome | Single membrane; contains an enzyme that converts H2O2 to H2O | 44 | |
| 1084217115 | What peroxisomes break down | fatty acids to smaller molecules that are transported to mitochondria as fuel for cellular respiration | 45 | |
| 1084217116 | Cytoskeleton | network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell | 46 | |
| 1084217117 | 3 things the cytoskeleton provides | Support, cell shape, and anchorage | 47 | |
| 1084217118 | 3 main types of fibers composing the cytoskeleton | -Microtubules -Microfilaments -Intermediate filaments | 48 | |
| 1084217119 | Dynein | In cilia and flagella, a large contractile protein extending from one microtubule doublet to the adjacent doublet. ATP hydrolysis drives changes in dynein shape that lead to bending of cilia and flagella. | 49 | |
| 1084217120 | 9+2 pattern | nine doublets of microtubules, the members of each pair sharing walls, and arranged in a ring. in the center of the ring are two straight microtubules. found in cilia and flagella | 50 | |
| 1084217121 | Intercellular junctions | help integrate cells into higher levels of structure and function | 51 | |
| 1084217122 | Plasmodesmata | Channels allowing cytosol to pass between plant cells | 52 | |
| 1084217123 | Animal cells' 3 main types of intercellular links | -tight junctions -desmosomes -gap junctions | 53 | |
| 1084217124 | Tight junctions | Membranes of adjacent cells are fused, forming continuous belts around cells; prevents leakage of extracellular fluid | 54 | |
| 1084217125 | Desmosome | (anchoring junctions) fasten cells together into strong sheets, much like rivets | 55 | |
| 1084217126 | Gap junctions | (communicating junctions) provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells (similar to plasmodesmata in plant cells) | 56 |
