Ap biology cambell edition 7 chapter 6 a tour of the cell
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| 567545072 | cell | -the simplest collection of matter that can live -bound by plasma membrane -contains chromosomes | |
| 567545073 | Light Microscope | -magnifies effectively but has resolution issues -commonly used in lab -good for study of live cells -limited by the shortest wavelength of light used to illuminate the specimen | |
| 567545074 | magnification | ration of the object's image size to its real size | |
| 567545075 | resolution | a measure of the clarity of the image; the minimum distance two points can be separated and still be distinguished | |
| 567545076 | Electron Microscope | -focuses a beam of electrons through the specimen or into it's surface -have much shorter wavelengths than the wavelengths of visible light -reveals cell's ultrastructure -2 kinds *scanning *transmission | |
| 567545077 | Scanning Electron Microscope | provides a 3D image (microscope) | |
| 567545078 | Transmission Electron Microscope | -good for study of ultrastructure -uses energy beam -cannot look at living things | |
| 567545079 | Cell Fractionation | takes cells apart and separates the major organelles | |
| 567545080 | centrifuge | separates cell by size and density | |
| 567545081 | cytosol | semi fluid within the membrane | |
| 567545082 | prokaryotic cell | -no nucleus -organisms of the domains bacteria and archaea -has nucleoid | |
| 567545083 | nucleiod | Region of prokaryotic cells where DNA is located | |
| 567545084 | pili | outside the cell wall used to exchange information | |
| 567545085 | cell wall | Plant Organelle: ridged outermost cell layer, made of cellulose, provides a sturdy area where cell can thrive | |
| 567545086 | eukaryotic cell | -true nucleus -protist, fungi, animal and plants -membranous nuclear envelope -bigger than prokaryotic cells | |
| 567545087 | cytoplasm | the entire region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane | |
| 567545088 | plasma membrane | functions as a selective barrier that allows passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire volume of the cell | |
| 567545089 | membrane | fundamental to the organization of the cell - generally consists of a double layer of phospholipids and other molecules (cholesterol, glyoproteins and glycolipids) | |
| 567545090 | central vacuole | storage unit (one of the largest in the cell) in plants to store water | |
| 567545091 | plasmodesmata | holes in the cell wall allowing entrance/exit from/to the cell | |
| 567545092 | nuclear envelope | encloses nucleus separating its contents from the cytoplasm the membrane is a lipid bilayer | |
| 567545093 | pore complex | intricate protein structure that regulates the entry and exit of certain large macromolecules and particles | |
| 567545094 | nuclear lamina | -lines nuclear side of envelope near the pores -net-like array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope | |
| 567545095 | chromosomes | structures that carry genetic info made of chromatin | |
| 567545096 | chromatin | a complex array of proteins and DNA coiled together | |
| 567545097 | nucleolus | a structure in the nucleus formed from various chromosomes -active in synthesis of ribosomes | |
| 567545098 | ribosomes | organelles that carry out protein synthesis -2parts *large subunit *small subunit -2 locations *free *bound | |
| 567545099 | free ribosomes | suspended in cytosol, makes whatever the cell needs | |
| 567545100 | bound ribosomes | attached to the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope - makes specific proteins | |
| 567545101 | peroxisome | Organelle: uses enzymes to get rid of the metabolic wastes specifically hydrogen peroxide (numerous in the liver) | |
| 567545102 | mitochondria | Organelle: (power plant of the cell) takes organic material and turns it into ATP, can be thousands in a single cell | |
| 567545103 | lysosome | Organelle: aids in waste removal system of cells, puts dead bacteria, organelles, and other matter into a vacuole and fills it with digestive enzymes | |
| 567545104 | apoptosis | programmed suicide for the cell | |
| 567545105 | golgi apparatus | Organelle: "Fedex" of the cell. accepts the proteins, sorts them and then sends them where they need to go | |
| 567545106 | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | Organelle: produces lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates and concentrates calcium (makes phospholipids) | |
| 567545107 | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | Organelle: studded with ribosomes, makes transport proteins for the plasma membrane | |
| 567545108 | Ribosomes on ER | take info from mRNA, make proteins according to what the RNA says | |
| 567545109 | centrioles | Organelle: forms spindles that aid in the cellular division process, they grab chromosomes and separate them, only in animal cells | |
| 567545110 | centrisome | Organelle: creates microtubules | |
| 567545111 | cytoskeleton | Organelle: internal framework of the cell 3 Parts *microfilaments *intermediate filaments *microtubules | |
| 567545112 | microfilaments | thin but solid protein in cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells | |
| 567545113 | intermediate filaments | thicker than microfilaments, used more for structure | |
| 567545114 | microtubules | hollow but thick tube of protein in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells and in cilia, flagella and cytoskeleton | |
| 567545115 | microvilli | Organelle: increases surface area, found in intestines and kidneys | |
| 567545116 | chloroplast | Plant Organelle: houses photosynthesis, produces ATP for the cell (similar to mitochondria) | |
| 567545117 | tonoplast | Plant Organelle: membranes that enclose the central vacuole | |
| 567545118 | central vacuole | Plant Organelle: enclosed sac found in mature plant cells, used for storage, breakdown of waste products and hydrolysis of macromolecules |
