The vocabulary for chapter 6 and 7 of AP biology - the cell. (from Campbell text)
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| 508600097 | Organelles | membrane-enclosed compartments (subcellular structures) | |
| 508600098 | Cell Fractionation | taking cells apart and separating the major organelles from one another | |
| 508600099 | Prokaryotic Cell | a type of cell which has its DNA concentrated at the nucleoid, which is not surrounded by a membrane | |
| 508600100 | Nucleoid | the area not enclosed by a membrane where the DNA is concentrated, in a prokaryotic cell | |
| 508600101 | Eukaryotic Cell | a type of cell which has a true nucleus, and many organelles | |
| 508600102 | Cytoplasm | the entire space between the nucleus and the plasma membrane | |
| 508600103 | Plasma Membrane | the selective barrier which allows the sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire volume of the cell at the boundary of the cell | |
| 508600104 | Flagellum | locomotion organelle present in some animal cells; composed of membrane-enclosed microtubules | |
| 508600105 | Centrosome | region where the cell's microtubules are initiated; in an animal cell, contains a pair of centrioles | |
| 508600106 | Cytoskeleton | reinforces cell's shape, functions in cell movement; components made of protein (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules) | |
| 508600107 | Microvilli | projections that increase the cell's surface area | |
| 508600108 | Peroxisome | organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide | |
| 508600109 | Mitochindrion | organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is produced | |
| 508600110 | Lysosome | digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed | |
| 508600111 | Golgi Apparatus | organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products | |
| 508600112 | Ribosomes | nonmembranous organelles that make proteins, free in cytoplasm or bound to rough ER nuclear envelope | |
| 508600113 | Chromatin | material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible as individual chromosomes in a dividing cell | |
| 508600114 | Nucleolus | nonmembranous organelle involved in production of ribosomes; a nucleus has one or more nucleoli | |
| 508600115 | Nuclear Envelope | double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores, contiguous with ER | |
| 508600116 | Cell Wall | outer layer that maintains cell's shape and protects cell from mechanical damage; made of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and protein | |
| 508600117 | Plasmodesmata | channels through the cell walls that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells | |
| 508600118 | Chloroplast | photosynthetic organelle, converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules | |
| 508600119 | Central Vacuole | prominent organelle in older plant cells, functions include storage, breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis of macromolecules; enlargement of vacuole is a major mechanism of plant growth | |
| 508600120 | Endoplasmic Reticulum | network of membranous sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes; has rough(ribosome-studded) and smooth regions | |
| 508600121 | Vesicles | sacs made of membrane | |
| 508600122 | Glycoproteins | proteins that have carbohydrates covalently bonded to them | |
| 508600123 | Transport Vesicles | vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another | |
| 508600124 | Phagocytosis | the process of engulfing smaller organisms or food particles | |
| 508600125 | Food Vacuoles | vacuoles which store food | |
| 508600126 | Contractile Vacuoles | they pump out excess water due to osmosis | |
| 508600127 | Cristae | infoldings of the inner membrane in mitochondria | |
| 508600128 | Mitochondrial Matrix | the space in between the cristae | |
| 508600129 | Thylakoids | membranous system in the form of interconnected sacs in chloroplast | |
| 508600130 | Granum/ Grana | each stack in the choloroplast | |
| 508600131 | Stroma | the fluid outside the thylakoids | |
| 508600132 | Centrioles | composed of nine sets of triplet microtubules arranged in a ring | |
| 508600133 | Integral Proteins | proteins which penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer | |
| 508600134 | Peripheral Proteins | proteins that are not embedded in the lipid bilayer, but are loosely bound to the surface | |
| 508600135 | Glycoproteins | carbohydrates covalently bonded to protein | |
| 508600136 | Glycolipid | carbohydrates covalently bonded to lipid |
