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| 5378448029 | plasma membrane | seperates the living cell from its surroundings. Contros traffic in and out of the cell. Is selectively permeable. |  | 0 |
| 5378448030 | selectively permeable | allows some substances to cross more easily than others. | 1 | |
| 5378448031 | phospholipids | most abundant lipids |  | 2 |
| 5378448032 | lipids and proteins | main macromolecules in membranes |  | 3 |
| 5378448033 | amphipatic molecules | have hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions |  | 4 |
| 5378448034 | fluid mosaic model | The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the... |  | 5 |
| 5378448035 | freeze-fracture | preparation technique that splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer |  | 6 |
| 5378448036 | transmembrane proteins | the integral protein completely spans the membrane as... |  | 7 |
| 5378448037 | integral proteins | proteins that penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer |  | 8 |
| 5378448038 | peripheral proteins | proteins that are not embedded in the lipid bilayer |  | 9 |
| 5378448039 | cell-cell recognition | the ability of a cell to disitnguish one type of neighboring cell from another. |  | 10 |
| 5378448040 | supramolecular structure | many molecules ordered into a higher level of organization with emergent properties than those of the individual molecules. | 11 | |
| 5378448041 | transport proteins | proteins that span the membrane. |  | 12 |
| 5378448042 | channel proteins | transport proteins that have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions use as a tunnel though the membrane. |  | 13 |
| 5378448043 | aquaporins | channel proteins that facilitate the passage of water |  | 14 |
| 5378448044 | carrier proteins | transport proteins that bind to molecules and change shape to shuttle them across the membrane. |  | 15 |
| 5378448045 | diffusion | movement of molecules of any substance to spread out in available space |  | 16 |
| 5378448046 | concentration gradient | the region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases. |  | 17 |
| 5378448047 | passive transport | transport that requires no energy from the cell to make it happen |  | 18 |
| 5378448048 | osmosis | the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |  | 19 |
| 5378448049 | tonicity | the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water. |  | 20 |
| 5378448050 | isotonic (animal cell) | if a cell with no cell wall is immersed in an enviroment where there is no net movement of water across the plasma membrane. Stays the same. |  | 21 |
| 5378448051 | hypertonic (animal cell) | when the cell is immersed in a solution where it loses water to its environment, shrivels and probably dies. |  | 22 |
| 5378448052 | hypotonic (animal cell) | when a cell is immersed in a solution, water enters the cell faster than it leaves, it swells and lyses (explodes) like an overfilled water balloon. |  | 23 |
| 5378448053 | osmoregulation | the control of water balance |  | 24 |
| 5378448054 | Paramecium | is a protist that is hypertonic to the pond water in which it lives. | 25 | |
| 5378448055 | turgid | when the plant cell is very firm, which is a healthy state for most plant cells. |  | 26 |
| 5378448056 | hypotonic (plant cell) | when a plant cell is immersed in a __________ solution the cell contents swell due to osmosis until the elastic cell wall exerts turgor pressure on the cell that opposes further water outake. |  | 27 |
| 5378448057 | isotonic (plant cell) | when a plant cell is immersed in a _______ solution; there is no net movement. The cell becomes flaccid and the plant may wilt. |  | 28 |
| 5378448058 | flaccid | limp, not firm or strong (If a plant is not watered enough, its leaves become droopy and flaccid.) | | 29 |
| 5378448059 | hypertonic (plant cells) | the plant cell loses water, its volume shrinks. The plasma membrane pulls away from the wall, this is plasmolysis. It is lethal to the cell. |  | 30 |
| 5378448060 | plasmolysis | This happens when a cell shrinks inside its cell wall while the cell wall remains intact. The plasma membrane pulls away from the wall. |  | 31 |
| 5378448061 | facilitated diffusion | the passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient with the help of transport proteins. |  | 32 |
| 5378448062 | ion channels (gated channels) | Channels that open or close depending on the presence or abscence of an electrical, chemical, or physical stimulus. |  | 33 |
| 5378448063 | cystinuria | human disease characterized by the absence of a carrier protein that transports cysteine and other aminos acids across the membranes of kidney cells. | 34 | |
| 5378448064 | active transport | transport that requires the cell to expend metabolic energy and enables a cell to maintain internal concentrations of small molecules. Requires energy. |  | 35 |
| 5378448065 | ATP | supplies energy for most active transport |  | 36 |
| 5378448066 | sodium-potassium pump | transport protein that, translocating the bound solute across the membrane. Exchanges sodium ions (Na) for potassium ions (K) across the plasma membrane of animal cells. |  | 37 |
| 5378448067 | membrane potential | voltage across a membrane. Ranges form -50 to -200 millivolts. The inside of the cell is negative to the outside. | 38 | |
| 5378448068 | electrochemical gradient | 2 combined forces drive the diffusion of ions across the membrane. |  | 39 |
| 5378448069 | electrogenic pumps | special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane. Ex. sodium potassium pump and proton pumps. |  | 40 |
| 5378448070 | sodium-potassium pump | major electrogenic pump in animals. Restores the electrochemical gradient by setting up a concentration gradient. It pumps 2 K ions for every 3 Na ions that it moves out, it generates a voltage. |  | 41 |
| 5378448071 | proton pumps | the major electrogenic pump. Transports protons out of the cell and transfers positive charge form the cytoplasm to the extracellular solution. | | 42 |
| 5378448072 | cotransport | single ATP-powered pump that transports a specific solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in a mechanism. |  | 43 |
| 5378448073 | exocytosis | transport vesicle budded from the Golgi apparatus is moved by the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. When the 2 membranes come in contact, the bilayers fuse spill the contents. |  | 44 |
| 5378448074 | endocytosis | a cell brings in biological molecules and particulate matter by forming new vesicles from the plasma membrane. 3 types: phagocytosis, pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis. |  | 45 |
| 5378448075 | phagocytosis | a cell engulfs a particle in a vacuole. The vacuole fuses with a lysosome to digest the particle. |  | 46 |
| 5378448076 | pinocytosis | molecules are taken up when extracellular fluid is "gulped" into tiny vesicles. |  | 47 |
| 5378448077 | receptor-mediated endocytosis | endocytosis that enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific materials that may be in low concentrations in the environment. |  | 48 |
| 5378448078 | lipoproteins | complexes of proteins and lipids. Cholesterol travels in low density _______ |  | 49 |
| 5378448079 | ligands | A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule. |  | 50 |
| 5378448080 | dialysis | movement of particles in a solution through permeable membranes. The diffusion of small solutes through a selectively permeable membrane. | 51 |
