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| 5801833945 | Cell Divsion | means "every cell from a cell"; the continuity of life is based on the reproduction of cells; DNA is duplicated, by copying each stand according to base pairing rules, 2 DNA molecules held together at centromere called sister chromatids | 0 | |
| 5801835056 | Cell Cycle | An ordered sequence of events in the life of a eukaryotic cell, from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two. |  | 1 |
| 5801835057 | Genome | The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes. | 2 | |
| 5801835464 | Chromosomes | A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins. |  | 3 |
| 5801835465 | Chromatin | Substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones |  | 4 |
| 5801835836 | Somatic Cells | Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg or their precursors. | 5 | |
| 5801835837 | Gametes | A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote. | 6 | |
| 5801837101 | Sister Chromatids | Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II. |  | 7 |
| 5801837102 | Centromere | Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach |  | 8 |
| 5801837495 | Mitosis | A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Mitosis conserves chromosome number by equally allocating replicated chromosomes to each of the daughter nuclei. | 9 | |
| 5801837496 | Cytokinesis | The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II. | 10 | |
| 5801838683 | Mitotic (M) Phase | The part of the cell cycle when the nucleus is divided (via mitosis), its chromosomes are distributed to the daughter nuclei, and the cytoplasm divided (via cytokinesis), producing two daughter cells. | 11 | |
| 5801838684 | Interphase | A period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows, copies its DNA, and synthesizes proteins | 12 | |
| 5801838685 | S Phase | The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated. | 13 | |
| 5801839050 | G1 Phase | The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins. | 14 | |
| 5801839051 | G2 Phase | The second growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs. | 15 | |
| 5801839052 | Prophase | DNA and proteins condense into tightly coiled chromosomes. The nuclear envelope breaks down, centrioles begin to move to opposite poles, and spindle fibers form. |  | 16 |
| 5801840232 | Prometaphase | The second stage of mitosis, in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear, the nuclear envelope fragments, and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes. |  | 17 |
| 5801840233 | Metaphase | Centromeres of duplicated chromosomes are aligned at plate. Fully formed spindle attach to the sister chromatids from opposite poles |  | 18 |
| 5801840234 | Anaphase | Chromatids of each chromosome separate at the centromere and move towards opposite poles of the dividing cell |  | 19 |
| 5801840235 | Telophase | Final phase of mitosis during which chromosomes uncoil, a nuclear envelope returns around the chromatin, and a nucleolus becomes visible in each daughter cell |  | 20 |
| 5801840702 | Mitotic Spindle | An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis. |  | 21 |
| 5801840703 | Centrosome | A structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells that functions as a microtubule-organizing center and is important during cell division. A centrosome has two centrioles. |  | 22 |
| 5801841084 | Kinetochore | A structure of proteins attached to the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle. |  | 23 |
| 5801841557 | Metaphase Plate | An imaginary structure located at a plane midway between the two poles of a cell in metaphase on which the centromeres of all the duplicated chromosomes are located. |  | 24 |
| 5801841558 | Cleavage | (1) The process of cytokinesis in animal cells, characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane. |  | 25 |
| 5801842176 | Cleavage Furrow | The first sign of cleavage in an animal cell; a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate. |  | 26 |
| 5801842994 | Cell Plate | A membrane-bounded, flattened sac located at the midline of a dividing plant cell, inside which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis. | 27 | |
| 5801842995 | Binary Fission | A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells. |  | 28 |
| 5801843602 | Origin of Replication | The specific location on a DNa strand where replication begins.. Prokaryotes typically have a single origin of replication, while eukaryotes have several per chromosome. |  | 29 |
| 5801844446 | Growth Factor | (1) A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment (culture medium or animal body) for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells. (2) A local regulator that acts on nearby cells to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation. | 30 | |
| 5801846075 | Density-Dependent Inhibition | The phenomenon observed in normal animal cells that causes them to stop dividing when they come into contact with one another. | 31 | |
| 5801846538 | Anchorage Dependence | The requirement that a cell must be attached to a substratum in order to initiate cell division. | 32 | |
| 5801847062 | Transformation | A phenomenon in bacteria. They have the ability to transform themselves by transferring genetic factors from one bacteria cell to another. | 33 | |
| 5801847063 | Benign Tumor | An abnormal mass of cells that remains at its original site in the body. | 34 | |
| 5801847527 | Malignant Tumor | A cancerous tumor containing cells that have significant genetic and cellular changes and are capable of invading and surviving in new sites. Malignant tumors can impair the functions of one or more organs. | 35 | |
| 5801848826 | Metastasis | Is the spread of cancer from its primary site to other places in the body | 36 | |
| 5807085833 | Angiogenesis | The process through which the tumor supports its growth by creating its own blood supply |  | 37 |
| 5801855471 | Zygote | Diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg. |  | 38 |
| 5801855472 | Homologous Chromosomes | Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis. | | 39 |
| 5801855790 | Haploid | An organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes. (n) |  | 40 |
| 5801855791 | Diploid | Containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent (2n) |  | 41 |
