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| 7230966466 | What are characteristics of organic compounds? | they must contain Carbon and Hydrogen, they have covalent bonds and are usually large. | 0 | |
| 7230966467 | What are characteristics of inorganic compounds? | They do not contain both carbon and hydrogen, they are usually small and ionic. | 1 | |
| 7230966468 | What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion? | Cohesion refers to the attraction water molecules have for other water molecules due to hydrogen bonds, while adhesion refers to the attraction water molecules have toward other substances, such as glass. | 2 | |
| 7230966469 | Neutralization | When an acid is added to a base. Salt and water are produced as a result. | 3 | |
| 7230966470 | What does the pH scale measure? | The concentration of H+ ions. | 4 | |
| 7230966471 | What do acids donate to bases? | H+ ions. | 5 | |
| 7230966472 | Why is pH important for living things? | Because proteins (especially enzymes) change their shape if pH is not correct. | 6 | |
| 7230966473 | What are buffers? | Chemicals that maintain a constant pH and act as acids in a base (donate H+ ions) and act as bases in an acid (accept H+ ions). ex: Bicarbonate | 7 | |
| 7230966474 | Examples of inorganic compounds | Salts and water | 8 | |
| 7230966475 | Examples of organic compounds | Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids | 9 | |
| 7230966476 | Functional Group-Alcohol | -OH | 10 | |
| 7230966477 | Functional Group-Methyl | -CH3 (only non polar organic functional group) | 11 | |
| 7230966478 | Functional Group-Amino | -NH2 (basic) | 12 | |
| 7230966479 | Functional Group-Carboxyl | -COOH (Acidic) | 13 | |
| 7230966480 | Functional Group-Phosphate | H2PO4 | 14 | |
| 7230966481 | Functional Group-Carbonyl | -C=O (double bond) Important in carbohydrates and energy reactions | 15 | |
| 7230966482 | What is an aldehyde? | When the carbonyl is bonded to the #1 carbon in the carbohydrate. | 16 | |
| 7230966483 | What is a ketone? | When the carbonyl is bonded to another carbon in the carbohydrate, other than the #1 carbon. | 17 | |
| 7230966484 | What is the function of carbohydrates? | Short term energy storage | 18 | |
| 7230966485 | What are structural isomers? | Compounds that have the same formula but different functional groups, ex:glucose and fructose. | 19 | |
| 7230966486 | What are enatiomers? | Something that is a mirror image of another, ex: dextra (right) levo (left). | 20 | |
| 7230966487 | What are the differences between alpha and beta glucose? | Alpha is where the -OH goes down and Beta is when the -OH goes up. Our bodies can only digest alpha glucose because enzymes cannot recognize the beta glucose (cellulose), therefore we do not digest beta. |  | 21 |
| 7230966488 | Maltose | Disaccharide formed from 2 glucose molecules- produced when starch breaks down | 22 | |
| 7230966489 | Lactose | Disaccharide formed from glucose and galactose- found in milk | 23 | |
| 7230966490 | Sucrose | Disaccharide formed from glucose and fructose (ketone) | 24 | |
| 7230966491 | What are polymers? | A useful chemical made by many repeating units. Ex: starch, glycogen, cellulose | 25 | |
| 7230966492 | What are polysaccharides? | Large polymers, "many sugars". | 26 | |
| 7230966493 | Hydrolysis | Adding water to split a molecule. | 27 | |
| 7230966494 | Dehydration Synthesis | Building sugars. | 28 | |
| 7230966495 | What are the functions of carbohydrates? | Structure: cellulose (cell walls) or Chitin (antrhopods & fungi- makes exoskeleton) Energy Storage: starch (in plants) and glycogen (in animals) | 29 | |
| 7230966496 | Starch | Contains 2 polymers, amylose and amylopectin. |  | 30 |
| 7230966497 | Glycogen | Same as amylopectin but larger and more branched- found in animals. |  | 31 |
| 7230966498 | What are Lipids? | Fats and oils. Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Long hydrocarbon tails. Made of fatty acids and glycerol. Do NOT form polymers. Less weight than carbs but more calories. |  | 32 |
| 7230966499 | What are the function of lipids? | Long term energy storage, concentrated energy. | 33 | |
| 7230966500 | What are the "family groups" of lipids? | -Fats oils waxes -Phospholipids -Steroids | 34 | |
| 7230966501 | Fats | -come from animals -usually saturated (only single bonds) -made of glycerol & fatty acid | 35 | |
| 7230966502 | Esterification | Process in which fats are built |  | 36 |
| 7230966503 | Saturated Fats | -All carbons bonded to hydrogen -no C=C (double bonds) -solid at room temp. -contributes to cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis) -long straight chains -mostly animal fats |  | 37 |
| 7230966504 | Unsaturated Fats | -contains at least one C=C double bond -plant and fish fats -vegetable oils -liquid at room temp because of kinks made from double bonds |  | 38 |
| 7230966505 | Phospholipids | Made of glycerol, 2 fatty acids and PO4(neg. charged). Found in cell membrane. |  | 39 |
| 7230966506 | Steroids | -all contain 4 fused carbon rings -different steroids created by attaching different functional groups to rings -different structure creates different structure ex: cholesterol, estrogen, testosterone |  | 40 |
| 7230966507 | Cholesterol | -found in all animal cell membranes -precursor of all other steroids -high levels contribute to cardiovascular disease |  | 41 |
| 7230966508 | Saponification | Alkaline (basic) hydrolysis of a fat- yields the salt of fatty acids (soap). Since soap has a hydrophobic end (fatty acid tails) and a hydrophillic end (salt part) they remove dirt (grease) and dissolve water. |  | 42 |
| 7230966509 | Hydrogenation | Converts oils (vegetable) into a more solid form by adding H2 to unsaturated oils | 43 | |
| 7230966510 | Trans Fats | In the process of hydrogenation trans fats might be formed, they increase bad cholesterol, leading to heart disease |  | 44 |
| 7230966511 | Functions of proteins | Multipurpose Molecules -contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sometimes phosphorous or sulfur -enzymes -structure: keratin, collage, silk -carriers/transport: hemoglobin, aquaporins -receptors in membrane -defense:antibodies -movement: actin and myosin in muscle -storage: bean seed proteins: milk/casein, eggs/albuim |  | 45 |
| 7230966512 | Polypeptide | Protein polymer | 46 | |
| 7444324531 | Nucleotide with Adenine | 47 |
