Terms and problems involving protein synthesis and inheritance.
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| 64361357 | Transcription | The process of making mRNA from DNA in the nucleus. | |
| 64361358 | Translation | The process of using tRNA and mRNA to put together amino acids at the ribosome. | |
| 64361359 | mRNA | Molecule that brings the instructions to make a protein from the nucleus to the ribosome. | |
| 64361360 | tRNA | Molecule that brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation. | |
| 64361361 | rRNA | Ribosomes are made of this molecule. | |
| 64361362 | Types of RNA | messenger RNA, transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA | |
| 64361363 | Differences between RNA and DNA | RNA has ribose, RNA has uracil, RNA not a double helix | |
| 64361364 | anticodon | 3 bases on tRNA molecules that are complementary to codons | |
| 64361365 | codons | 3 bases on mRNA that code for an amino acid | |
| 64361370 | Amino acids | The monomers of proteins | |
| 64361371 | TCC | The complementary DNA strand for the DNA sequence: AGG | |
| 64361372 | AUG | The complementary RNA sequence for the DNA seqeuence: TAC | |
| 64361373 | Three | The number of nucleotides that code for each amino acid | |
| 64361389 | RNA polymerase | Enzyme that makes mRNA from DNA during transcription. | |
| 64361405 | nucleus | Where in a eukaryotic cell transcription occurs. | |
| 64361406 | Ribosome or cytoplasm | Where in the cell translation occurs. | |
| 64361419 | AUC | The anticodon for UAG. | |
| 64363336 | Purines | Term for nucleotide bases with 2 rings. | |
| 64363337 | Pyrimidines | Term for nucleotide bases with 1 ring. | |
| 64363338 | Adenine and guanine | The 2 DNA bases that are purines. | |
| 64363339 | Cytosine and thymine | The 2 DNA bases that are pyrimidines | |
| 64363340 | Adenine and Thymine | Complementary bases in DNA that have 2 hydrogen bonds between them. | |
| 64363341 | Guanine and cytosine | Complementary bases in DNA that have 3 hydrogen bonds between them. | |
| 64363342 | Hydrogen | Weak bonds between the 2 DNA strands. | |
| 64363343 | Covalent | The strong bonds between the nucleotides on one strand of DNA. | |
| 64363344 | sugar and phosphate | Make up the backbone of DNA or RNA. | |
| 64363345 | Deoxyribose | The sugar in DNA. | |
| 64363346 | Ribose | The sugar in RNA | |
| 64363347 | Helicase | Enzyme that unwinds and unzips the DNA helix during DNA replication | |
| 64363348 | Enzymes | Proteins that control chemical reactions in the cell. | |
| 64363349 | Hormones | Chemical messengers within organisms. Some proteins are these. | |
| 64363350 | Hemoglobin | Protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells. | |
| 64363351 | Sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base | 3 parts of a nucletide. | |
| 100402328 | DNA Polymerase | Enzyme that builds the complementary strand in DNA replication | |
| 100402329 | Deoxyribose | The sugar in DNA nucleotides | |
| 100402330 | Ribose | The sugar in RNA nucleotides | |
| 100402331 | Uracil | RNA base complementary to Adenine | |
| 100403181 | Before cells divide | When DNA replication occurs | |
| 104095525 | Intron | Pieces of mRNa that do not code for the protein. They stay in the nucleus | |
| 104095526 | Exon | Pieces of mRNA that do code for the protein. These are spliced together and go to the ribosome | |
| 104095527 | Substitution | Replacing one nucleotide in DNA with another. Only affects one codon | |
| 104095528 | Frameshift | Caused by an insertion or deletion in DNA. affects all codons after the point of mutation | |
| 104095529 | During DNA replication | When mutations occur | |
| 128102148 | Phosphodiester | Type of covalent bond between the 3' end of one nucleotide and the 5' end of another | |
| 128102149 | topoisomerase | ...relieves overwinding strain ahead of the replication forks by breaking, swiveling adn rejoining DNA strands | |
| 128102150 | sNRP | ...Small nucleotide ribonucleoprotein that recognize introns for splicing mRNA | |
| 128434121 | Griffith | Accidently discovered transformation by combining a heat killed virulent strain of bacteria with a live non virulent strain | |
| 128434122 | Avery | Worked off of Griffith--discovered that DNA was the transforming material by destroying DNA in once experiment and protein in another. Transformation could not happen without DNA | |
| 128434123 | Hershey and Chase | Radioactively labeled protein and DNA to see which enters cells when a virus infects a cell. Discovered it was DNA | |
| 128434124 | Meselson and Stahl | Determined that DNA replication is semiconservative | |
| 128434125 | Chargaff | Determined that the amounts of A in a DNA molecule are equal to the amounts of T and the amount of G is equal to the amount of C | |
| 128434126 | Franklin | Used x ray crystallography to determine the helical shape of DNA | |
| 128434127 | Watson and Crick | Determined the structure of the DNA molecule | |
| 128434128 | missense mutation | a point mutation where one amino acid is coded for instead of another | |
| 128434129 | nonsense mutation | a point mutation that puts a stop codon in the middle of an amino acid sequence | |
| 128434130 | silent mutation | a point mutation that results in the same amino acid being coded for | |
| 128434131 | TATA box | the promoter sequence in eukaryotes | |
| 128434132 | RNA processing | putting a 5' guanine cap and a poly A tail on the 3' end prior to the mRNA leaving the nucleus | |
| 128434133 | spliceosome | snRNPs and proteins that cut out introns from mRNA and join the adjacent exons together to make mature mRNA | |
| 128434134 | 3' carbon | carbon on the sugar in a nucleotide that has an OH group | |
| 128434135 | 5' carbon | carbon on the sugar in a nucleotide that has a phosphate group | |
| 128434136 | transcription factors | In eukaryotes, proteins that mediate the binding of RNA polymerase to start transcription | |
| 128434137 | Okazaki fragment | DNA segments made in the lagging strand |
