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| 8170644088 | DNA Replication | the process by which a DNA molecule is copied; also called DNA synthesis | 0 | |
| 8170644089 | Antiparallel | subunits run in opposite directions | 1 | |
| 8170644090 | Semiconservative Model | the two strands of the parental molecule separate and each functions as a template for synthesis of a new complementary strand- most common | 2 | |
| 8170644091 | Replication Fork | a Y shaped region where the parental strands of DNA are being unwound | 3 | |
| 8170644092 | Helicases | enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks, separating the two parental strands and make them available as template strands |  | 4 |
| 8170644093 | Single Strand Binding Proteins | Bind to the unpaired DNA strands keeping them from repairing | 5 | |
| 8170644094 | Topoisomerase | The untwisting of double helix causes tighter twisting and strain ahead of replication fork Relieve this strain by breaking swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands | 6 | |
| 8170644095 | Primer | The initial nucleotide chain that is produced during DNA synthesis is actually a short stretch of RNA | 7 | |
| 8170644096 | Primase | Synthesizes the primer Starts a complementary RNA chain from a single RNA nucleotide, adding more RNA nucleotides one at a time, using the parental DNA strand as a template | 8 | |
| 8170644097 | DNA polymerase III | The main enzyme that catalyze the synthesis of a new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to a preexisting chain | 9 | |
| 8170644098 | Leading strand | Strand that continuously adds nucleotides to the new complementary strand as the fork progresses | 10 | |
| 8170644099 | Lagging Strand | The strand that DNA polymerase III builds moving away from the replication fork Synthesized discontinuosly as a series of segments | 11 | |
| 8170644100 | Okazaki fragments | Series of segments that are 1000-2000 nucleotides long. Made due to the discontinuous building of the lagging strand. | 12 | |
| 8170644101 | DNA Ligase | joins the sugar phosphate backbones of all the Okazaki fragments and replaced primers into a continuous DNA strand | 13 | |
| 8170644102 | DNA polymerase I | Removes RNA nucleotides of primer from 5' end and replaces them with DNA nucleotides | 14 | |
| 8170644103 | Chromatin | complex of DNA and protein | 15 | |
| 8170644104 | Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase | What are the four stages of mitosis? |  | 16 |
| 8170644105 | prophase | Which phase? the first stage of mitosis, in which the chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes visible with a light microscope, the mitotic spindle begins to form, and the nucleolus disappears but the nucleus remains intact. |  | 17 |
| 8170644106 | Metaphase | Which Phase? The second stage of mitosis, in which the spindle is complete and the chromosomes, attached to microtubules at their kinetochores, are all aligned at the metaphase plate. |  | 18 |
| 8170644107 | anaphase | Which phase?-the third stage of mitosis, in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell. |  | 19 |
| 8170644108 | telophase | Which phase?-The fourth and final stage of mitosis, in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun. |  | 20 |
| 8170644109 | Cytokinesis | Which phase is when there is division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis. | 21 | |
| 8170644110 | Sister Chromatids | Two copies of a duplicated chromosome attached to each other by proteis at the centromere and sometimes, along the arms. While joined, two sister chromatids make up one chromosome. Chromatids are eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II | 22 | |
| 8170644111 | Interphase | Which Phase?-The period in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing. During interphase, cellular metabolic activity is high, chromosomes and organelles are duplicated, and cell size may increase. Interphase often accounts for about 90% of the cell cycle. |  | 23 |
| 8170644112 | Spindle | An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movement of chromosomes during mitosis. |  | 24 |
| 8170644113 | Growth of a multicellular organism Replacement/Repair of cells | What are two roles of Mitosis? | 25 | |
| 8170644114 | G1, S, G2 | What are the Phases of the Interphase? | 26 | |
| 8170644115 | DNA replication. | What happens in the S Phase? | 27 | |
| 8170644116 | G2 | This third subphase of interphase is a period of metabolic activity and growth. During this phase the cell makes final preparations for division. | 28 | |
| 8170644117 | G1 | This is the portion of the cell cycle just after division, but before DNA synthesis. During this time the cell grows by producing proteins and organelles. | 29 | |
| 8170644118 | cytoplasm divides in two. | What happens during cytokinesis? | 30 | |
| 8170644119 | Difference between mitosis and cytokinesis | What does this describe? Cell division consists of two processes: mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis— division of the nucleus and its chromosomes— is divided into five phases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Mitosis is followed by cytokinesis, when the cytoplasm splits to form two separate daughter cells. | 31 | |
| 8170644120 | 1. The nucleoli disappear 2. Chromatin fibers coil up to become discrete chromosomes. 3. Each chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids, joined at the centromere. 4. Spindle starts to form | What happens during prophase? | 32 | |
| 8170644121 | Spindle moves chromosomes. Chromosomes move to the metaphase plate (MIDDLE), an imaginary plane equidistant from the poles. | What happens during metaphase? | 33 | |
| 8170644122 | The two centromeres of each chromosome come apart, separating the sister chromatids. | What happens during anaphase? | 34 | |
| 8170644123 | 1. nuclear envelopes form around the identical sets of chromosomes at the two poles of the cell. | What happens during Telophase? | 35 | |
| 8170644124 | Membrane pinches in | How does cytokinesis happen in animal cells? | 36 | |
| 8170644125 | Cell plate forms new cell wall | How does cytokinesis happen in plant cells? | 37 | |
| 8170644126 | Cleavage Furrow | The first sign of cleavage in an animal cell; a shallow groove around the cell in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate. | 38 | |
| 8170644127 | a centromere | The region of a chromosome holding the two double strands of replicated DNA together is called _____. |  | 39 |
| 8170644128 | sister chromatids are attached to one another | The centromere is a region in which _____. | | 40 |
| 8170644129 | Proto-oncogene | A gene that causes cell division to occur when it should. When mutated, it can become an oncogene allowing for more cell division than needed. | 41 | |
| 8170644130 | Tumor Suppressor Gene | A gene that either stops cell division or destroys damaged cells. | 42 | |
| 8170644131 | Metastasis | When cancer cells break away from their origin and spread to a different part of the body. | 43 | |
| 8170644132 | Malignant | Means "mean" or harmful to other cells. | 44 | |
| 8170644133 | Telomerase | An enzyme that adds to the ends of chromosomes so that they do not shorten during replication | 45 | |
| 8170644134 | During G1, mitosis (before anaphase) and G2 | When are checkpoints in the cell cycle? | 46 | |
| 8170644135 | CdK (cyclin dependent kinase) and cyclin. | What are the 2 components of MPF (maturation promotion factor)? | 47 | |
| 8170644136 | Cyclin | What substance builds up during interphase to later bind with CdK (cyclin dependent kinase)? | 48 | |
| 8170644137 | MPF | Causes Mitosis to start. | 49 | |
| 8170644138 | Benign | means "nice" or not harmful to other cells. | 50 |
