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AP BIology DNA Replication Flashcards

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6222654260DNA Replicationthe process by which a DNA molecule is copied; also called DNA synthesis0
6222654261Double helixtwo strands1
6222654262Antiparallelsubunits run in opposite directions2
6222654263Nitrogenous bases of DnaA, T, C, G3
6222654264PurinesA and G Nitrogenous bases with two organic rings4
6222654265PyrimidinesC and T Nitrogenous base with a single organic ring5
6222654266Semiconservative Modelthe two strands of the parental molecule separate and each functions as a template for synthesis of a new complementary strand- most common6
6222654267Origins of Replicationshort stretches of DNA having a specific sequence of nucleotides7
6222654268Replication Forka Y shaped region where the parental strands of DNA are being unwound8
6222654269Helicasesenzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks, separating the two parental strands and make them available as template strands9
6222654270Single Strand Binding ProteinsBind to the unpaired DNA strands keeping them from repairing10
6222654271TopoisomeraseThe untwisting of double helix causes tighter twisting and strain ahead of replication fork Relieve this strain by breaking swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands11
6222654272PrimaseSynthesizes the primer Starts a complementary RNA chain from a single RNA nucleotide, adding more RNA nucleotides one at a time, using the parental DNA strand as a template12
6222654273DNA polymerasesEnzyme that catalyze the synthesis of new DNA by adding nucleotides to a preexisting chain13
6222654274Leading strandStrand that continuously adds nucleotides to the new complementary strand as the fork progresses DNA pol III14
6222654275Lagging StrandThe strand that DNA pol III works away from the replication fork Synthesized discontinuosly as a series of segments15
6222654276Okazaki fragmentsSeries of segments that are 1000-2000 nucleotides long16
6222654277DNA Ligasejoins the sugar phosphate backbones of all the Okazaki fragments into a continuous DNA strand17
6222654278DNA pol IIISynthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to an RNA primer or a pre-existing DNA strand18
6222654279DNA pol IRemoves RNA nucleotides of primer from 5' end and replaces them with DNA nucleotides19
6222654280NucleaseDNA cutting enzyme that cuts out the damaged parts of the strand and fills the space with nucleotides using the undamaged strand as a template20
6222654281TelomeresSpecial nucleotide sequences at the ends of chromosomes TTAGGG is repeated between 100-1000 times Prevent the staggered ends of daughter molecule from activitating cell's system for monitoring DNA damage21
6222654282HistonesProteins that are responsible for the first level of DNA packing in chromatin22
6222654283Chromatincomplex of DNA and protein23

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