Review of Big Idea 3A from AP
Terms : Hide Images
| 7919646763 | nucleotides | monomers of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |  | 0 |
| 7919646765 | RNA | A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruses. | 1 | |
| 7919646766 | base pairing | Principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine |  | 2 |
| 7919646769 | RNA polymerase | An enzyme that links ribonucleotides into a growing RNA chain during transcription, based on complementary binding to nucleotides on a DNA template strand | 3 | |
| 7919646771 | protein synthesis | Forming proteins using ribosomes (RER) based on information in DNA and carried out by RNA | 4 | |
| 7919646772 | polypeptide | A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. | 5 | |
| 7919646773 | amino acids | Building blocks of protein | 6 | |
| 7919646774 | chromosomes | contain genetic material and are located in the nucleus | 7 | |
| 7919646775 | mRNA | RNA that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein; also called messenger RNA. |  | 8 |
| 7919646776 | tRNA | RNA molecules that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell |  | 9 |
| 7919646777 | rRNA | RNA molecules that, together with proteins, make up ribosomes | 10 | |
| 7919646778 | adenine | A double-ring nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA. Pairs with Thymine. |  | 11 |
| 7919646779 | thymine | A single-ring nitrogenous base found only in DNA. Pairs with Adenine. |  | 12 |
| 7919646780 | cytosine | A single-ring nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA. Pair with guanine | 13 | |
| 7919646781 | guanine | A double-ring nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA. Binds with cytosine. | 14 | |
| 7919646782 | uracil | a nitrogen-containing base found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine. Binds with adenine |  | 15 |
| 7919646783 | codon | A specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid |  | 16 |
| 7919646784 | anticodon | group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon |  | 17 |
| 7919646785 | intron | A segment of a gene situated between exons that is removed before translation of messenger RNA and does not function in coding for protein synthesis. |  | 18 |
| 7919646786 | exon | A sequence within a primary transcript that remains in the RNA after RNA processing; also refers to the region of DNA from which this sequence was transcribed |  | 19 |
| 7919646787 | promoter | A specific nucleotide sequence in the DNA of a gene that binds RNA polymerase, positioning it to start transcribing RNA at the appropriate place. |  | 20 |
| 7919646790 | ribosome | rRNA and protein molecules that functions in protein synthesis; consists of a large and a small subunit. In eukaryotic cells, is assembled in the nucleolus |  | 21 |
| 7919646791 | translation | The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in a mRNA molecule. There is a change of "language" from nucleotides to amino acids. |  | 22 |
| 7919646792 | transcription | The synthesis of RNA using a DNA template. |  | 23 |
| 7919646797 | gene mutation | A change in the sequence of the bases in a gene, which changes the structure of the polypeptide that the gene codes for. | 24 | |
| 7919646798 | chromosomal mutation | A change in the chromosome structure, resulting defects in meiosis |  | 25 |
| 7919646799 | substitution | A type of point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides. |  | 26 |
| 7919646800 | deletion | a type of gene mutation in which a nucleotide is deleted |  | 27 |
| 7919646801 | insertion | A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotides pairs to a gene. |  | 28 |
| 7919646805 | terminator | In bacteria, a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene and signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule and detach from the DNA. | 29 | |
| 7919646806 | bacteriophage | A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. |  | 30 |
| 7919646807 | TATA box | A promoter DNA sequence crucial in forming the transcription initiation complex. | 31 | |
| 7919646808 | Central dogma |  | 32 | |
| 7919710164 | RNA nucleotide |  | 33 | |
| 7919719200 | RNAi | process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation, by neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules. |  | 34 |
| 7919830429 | poly A tail | makes mRNA more stable, prevents its degradation, allows the mRNA molecule to be exported from the nucleus and translated into a protein by ribosomes in the cytoplasm. | 35 | |
| 7919860026 | GTP cap | used as a recognition signal for ribosomes to bind to the mRNA. | 36 | |
| 7919887801 | mRNA processing | Addition of cap and tail to the ends of the transcript & Removal of introns | 37 |
