This is a study guide under the subject of Ecology [Coevolution and Ecological Succesion] for the AP Biology Test. Good luck!
Pt. 3
Pt. 2 is located here:
http://quizlet.com/863193/ap-biology-review-ecology-part-2-flash-cards/
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Pt. 4 is located here:
http://quizlet.com/883172/ap-biology-review-ecology-part-4-flash-cards/
Terms : Hide Images
| 4960023374 | Aposematic coloration | very bright, often red or orange, coloration of poisonous animals as a warning that possible predators should avoid them | 0 | |
| 4960023375 | Mullerian mimicry | copycat coloration where one harmless animal mimics the coloration of one that is poisonous | 1 | |
| 4960023376 | Batesian Mimicry | 2 or more poisonous species resemble each other and gain an advantage from their combined numbers | 2 | |
| 4960023377 | Ecological Succession | The change in the composition of species over time | 3 | |
| 4960023378 | Pioneer Species | Plants and animals that are first to colonize a newly exposed habitat. [Opportunistic, r-selected species that have good dispersal capability] | 4 | |
| 4960023379 | Primary Succession | Type of Succession that occurs on substrates that never previously supported living things. [IE volcanic islands or glaciers] | 5 | |
| 4960023380 | Secondary Succession | Type of Succession that occurs where communities were entirely or partially destroyed by some kind of damaging event [IE floods or fire] | 6 | |
| 4960023381 | Trophic Levels | Organization of plants and animals in order to examine the production and utilization of energy | 7 | |
| 4960023382 | Competitive Exclusion Principle (Gause's principle) | When two species compete for exactly the same resources (or occupy the same niche), one is likely to be more successful. One species lives, the other is eliminated. | 8 | |
| 4960023383 | Resource Partitioning | Some species coexist in spite of apparent competition for the same resources. | 9 | |
| 4960023384 | Predation | Form of community interaction where an animal feeds on a plant or other animal | 10 | |
| 4960023385 | Symbiosis | Two species that live together in close contact during a portion of their lives | 11 | |
| 4960023386 | Mutualism | Form of symbiosis that is a relationship in which both species benefit. | 12 | |
| 4960023387 | Commensalismm | Form of symbiosis where one species benefits while the second is neither helped nor harmed | 13 | |
| 4960023388 | Parasitism | Form of symbiosis where the parasite benefits while the host is harmed. | 14 | |
| 4960023389 | Ecology | The study of the distribution and abundance of organisms and their interactions with the world and others | 15 | |
| 4960023390 | Population | Group of individuals all of the same SPECIES LIVING in the SAME AREA. | 16 | |
| 4960023391 | Community | Group of populations living in the same area. | 17 | |
| 4960023392 | Ecosystem | This describes the interrelationships between the organisms in a community and the environment. | 18 | |
| 4960023393 | Biosphere | This is composed of all the regions on the earth that contains living things. IE soil, oceans, lower 10 km of the atmosphere. | 19 | |
| 4960023394 | Survivorship Curves | Describes how mortality of individuals in a species varies during their lifetimes. | 20 | |
| 4960023395 | Biotic Potential | Maximum growth rate of a population under ideal conditions, with unlimited resources and without growth restrictions | 21 | |
| 4960023396 | Carrying Capacity | Maximum number of individuals of a population that can be sustained by a particular habitat. | 22 | |
| 4960023397 | Limiting Factors | Elements that prevent a population from attaining its biotic potential. | 23 | |
| 4960023398 | Density-Dependent Factors | [a limiting factor] Agents whose limiting effect becomes more intense as the population density increases (IE parasites/disease, resources, toxic effect of waste products, and predation) | 24 | |
| 4960023399 | Density-Independent Factor | [a limiting factor] Occurs independently of the density of the population (IE natural disasters, climate change) | 25 | |
| 4960023400 | r-selected species | Species that exhibit rapid growth (J-shaped curve), where opportunistic species (grass/insects) quickly invade habitats, reproduce, and die. Offspring are small, mature fast, and require little care | 26 | |
| 4960023401 | k-selected species | Species where population size remains constant (IE humans) and produce a small number of relatively large offspring that require much care until maturation. | 27 | |
| 4960023402 | Dominant species | species that are the most abundant or that collectively have the highest biomass | 28 | |
| 4960023403 | Keystone species | not abundant in a community; they exert major control over other species in the community | 29 | |
| 4960023404 | Biological Magnification | Organisms at higher trophic levels have greater concentrations of accumulated toxins stored in their bodies than those at lower trophic level | 30 | |
| 4960023405 | Biomes | distribution depends on the amount of precipitation and temperature in an area | 31 | |
| 4960023406 | Tropical Rain Forest | abundant rainfall, stable temperatures and high humidity, most diversity of species of any biome on earth, high competition for sunlight | 32 | |
| 4960023407 | Desert | low precipitation, temperature fluctuations are extreme, daytime surface temperatures are high and at night they are low, plants are drought-resistant | 33 | |
| 4960023408 | Temperature Grasslands | low total annual rainfall, dry winters, wet summers, large grazers and variety of burrowing mammals | 34 | |
| 4960023409 | Savanna | warm year round, trees that are often thorny and have small leaves to adapt to dry conditions | 35 | |
| 4960023410 | Chaparral | rainy winters, dry summer, high plant diversity | 36 | |
| 4960023411 | Taiga or Coniferous Forest | dotted with lakes, ponds and bogs, very cold winters, largest terrestrial biome | 37 | |
| 4960023412 | Temperature Broadleaf Forest | mammals hibernate in the north, vertical layers and close canopy of trees | 38 | |
| 4960023413 | Tundra | has permafrost that restricts growth of plant roots, cold temperatures, gets very little rainfall, abundance of insects, small biodiversity, migration of birds during the summer | 39 | |
| 4960023415 | Plant Protection | through spines, thorns or chemical toxins that help to protect themselves from herbivores | 40 |
