Terms : Hide Images
| 8594974593 | homologous structures | structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry |  | 0 |
| 8594974594 | vestigial structures | remnants of features that served important functions in the the organism's ancestors |  | 1 |
| 8594974595 | convergent evolution | the independent evolution of similar features in different lineages |  | 2 |
| 8594974596 | Hardy-Weinberg | the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population will remain constant from generation to generation, provided that only Mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles are at work |  | 3 |
| 8594974597 | gene pool | the aggregate of all of the alleles for all of the loci in individuals in a population |  | 4 |
| 8594974598 | population | a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring |  | 5 |
| 8594974599 | natural selection | a process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are organisms with other characteristics |  | 6 |
| 8594974600 | genetic drift | changes in the gene pool due to random events | 7 | |
| 8594974601 | founder effect | when a individuals become isolated from a larger population, this smaller group may establish a new population whose gene pool differs from the source population |  | 8 |
| 8594974602 | bottleneck effect | when there is a severe drop in population size, certain alleles may be overrepresented among the survivors, others may be underrepresented, and some may be absent altogether |  | 9 |
| 8594974603 | gene flow | the transfer of alleles into or out of a population due to the movement of fertile individuals or their gametes | 10 | |
| 8594974604 | directional selection | when conditions favor individuals exhibiting one extreme of a phenotypic range, thereby shifting the frequency curve for the phenotypic character in one direction or the other |  | 11 |
| 8594974605 | disruptive selection | when conditions favor individuals at both extremes of a phenotypic range over individuals with intermediate phenotypes |  | 12 |
| 8594974606 | stabilizing selection | acts against both extreme phenotypes and favors intermediate variants |  | 13 |
| 8594974607 | sexual selection | a form of natural selection in which individuals with certain inherited characteristics are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates |  | 14 |
| 8594974608 | sexual dimorphism | marked differences between the two sexes in secondary sexual characteristics, which are not directly associated with reproduction or survival (differences in size, color, ornamentation, and behavior) |  | 15 |
| 8594974609 | diploidy | the state of being diploid, that is having two sets of chromosomes | 16 | |
| 8594974610 | heterozygote advantage | when individuals who are heterozygous at a particular locus have greater fitness than do both kind of homozygous | 17 | |
| 8594974611 | frequency-dependent selection | fitness of a phenotype declines if it becomes too common in the population | 18 | |
| 8594974612 | speciation | the process by which one species splits into two or more species |  | 19 |
| 8594974613 | microevolution | changes over time in allele frequencies in a population | 20 | |
| 8594974614 | macroevolution | the broad pattern of evolution over long time spans | 21 | |
| 8594974615 | species | a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring- but do not produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other such groups | 22 | |
| 8594974616 | reproductive isolation | the existance of biological barriers that impede members of two species from producing viable offspring | 23 | |
| 8594974617 | hybrids | offspring that result from interspecific mating |  | 24 |
| 8594974618 | prezygotic barriers | impede mating or hinder fertilization if mating occurs (five types: habitat, temporal, behavioral, mechanical, gametic) |  | 25 |
| 8594974619 | post zygotic barriers | prevents hybrid zygote from developing into a viable fertile adult through reducing hybrid viability, reducing hybrid fertility, or hybrid breakdown | 26 | |
| 8594974620 | allopatric speciation | gene flow is interrupted when a population is divided into geographically isolated subpopulations |  | 27 |
| 8594974621 | sympatric speciation | speciation occurs in populations that live in the same geographic area (usually occurs due to polyploidy, habitat differentiation, and sexual selection) |  | 28 |
| 8594974622 | polyploidy | extra sets of chromosomes due to accidents during cell division |  | 29 |
| 8594974623 | punctuated equilibrium | the theory that in the evolution there are long periods of little morphological change punctuated by relatively short periods of significant change |  | 30 |
| 8594974625 | adaptive radiation | Period of evolutionary change in which groups of organisms form many new species whose adaptations allow them to fill vacant ecological roles in their communities |  | 31 |
| 8594974627 | phylogeny | the evolutionary history of a species or group of species |  | 32 |
| 8594974629 | phylogenetic tree | evolutionary history of a group of organisms represented in a branching diagram |  | 33 |
| 8594974630 | analogy | similarity due to convergent evolution |  | 34 |
| 8594974631 | homology | similarity due to shared ancestry |  | 35 |
| 8594974632 | clade | a group of species which includes an ancestral species and all of its descendants | 36 | |
| 8594974637 | Monophyletic | A branch on a phylogenetic tree that contains all decscendants of a common ancestor | 37 | |
| 8594974642 | extinction | total disappearance of all members of a species | 38 | |
| 8594974645 | fitness | ability to produce surviving offspring | 39 | |
| 8594974646 | morphological species concept | new species differ by physical characteristics known as diagnostic traits | 40 | |
| 8594974647 | evolutionary species concept | members of a species share distinct evolutionary pathway and common traits | 41 | |
| 8594974648 | phylogenetic species concept | a family tree is used to identify species based on a common ancestor | 42 | |
| 8594974649 | biological species concept | species are identified as separate because of reproductive isolation. | 43 |
