6971454845 | Active Site | The part of an enzyme or antibody where the chemical reaction occurs. | 0 | |
6971454846 | Active Transport | The movement of materials (ions and molecules) through a cell membrane using energy into a higher concentration | 1 | |
6971454847 | Adhesion | An attraction between molecules of different substances | 2 | |
6971454848 | Alternation of Generation | A pattern of reproduction occurring in the life cycles of many lower plants and some invertebrates involving alteration between two distinct forms (sexual and asexual) | 3 | |
6971454849 | Alveoli | Terminal air sacs that constitute the gas exchange surface of the lungs. | 4 | |
6971454850 | Amino Acids | Building blocks of protein | 5 | |
6971454851 | Amniotic egg | Eggs that contain an amnion to protect the embryo | 6 | |
6971454852 | Angiosperm | A flowering plant which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary. | 7 | |
6971454853 | Antibodies | Specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents | 8 | |
6971454854 | Anticodon | A sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA | 9 | |
6971454855 | Antigen | a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies | 10 | |
6971454856 | ATP | (adenosine triphosphate) molecule that stores and transfers energy in cells | 11 | |
6971454857 | Autotroph | An organism that makes its own food | 12 | |
6971454858 | Auxin | Substances that in minute amounts regulate or modify the growth of plants, especially root formation, bud growth, and fruit and leaf drop | 13 | |
6971454859 | Binary Fission | A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells. | 14 | |
6971454860 | Biomolecule | Organic molecule and especially a macromolecule in living organisms | 15 | |
6971454861 | Buffer | A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to a solution | 16 | |
6971454862 | Capillary | The attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid, which causes the liquid to rise or fall | 17 | |
6971454863 | Carbohydrate | Any group of organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually in the ratio of 1:2:1 | 18 | |
6971454864 | Catalyst | Substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change | 19 | |
6971454865 | Cell Cycle | Cycle of growth and asexual reproduction of a cell, consisting of interphase followed in actively dividing cells by prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase | 20 | |
6971454866 | Cell Wall | A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell | 21 | |
6971454867 | Cellular Respiration | The oxidation of organic compounds that occurs within cells, producing energy for cellular processes | 22 | |
6971454868 | Cholesterol | Steroid present in the plasma membranes of animal cells | 23 | |
6971454869 | Chlorophyll | A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis | 24 | |
6971454870 | Chloroplast | a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place. | 25 | |
6971454871 | Chromatin | A material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria are composed, consists of protein, RNA, and DNA | 26 | |
6971454872 | Chromosomes | threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes | 27 | |
6971454873 | Codon | A sequence of the three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule | 28 | |
6971454874 | Cohesion | Attraction between molecules of the same substance | 29 | |
6971454875 | Controlled variables | A variable in an experiment that will not be changed but observed | 30 | |
6971454876 | covelant bonds | Formed when electrons are shared between atoms | 31 | |
6971454877 | Cuticle | Waxy layer on many plant leaves and stems, prevents desiccation | 32 | |
6971454878 | Cytokinesis | Cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells | 33 | |
6971454879 | Dehydration synthesis | process in which water is removed to join two small molecules | 34 | |
6971454880 | Diploid | (genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number | 35 | |
6971454881 | DNA ligase | A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication and recombinant DNA techniques | 36 | |
6971454882 | Duodenum | First part of the small intestine | 37 | |
6971454883 | Endoplasmic reticulum | A network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane | 38 | |
6971454884 | Endosymbiosis | Symbiosis in which one of the symbiotic organisms lives inside the other | 39 | |
6971454885 | Exon | A nucleotide sequence of a gene that codes for an amino acid sequence or a controlled sequence | 40 | |
6971454886 | Enzyme | A very large protein that acts as a biological catalyst | 41 | |
6971454887 | Eukaryotic cell | Any organism having as its fundamental structural unit a cell type that contains specialized organelles in the cytoplasm , a membrane-bound nucleus enclosing genetic material organized into chromosomes, and an elaborate system of division by mitosis or meiosis, characteristics of all life forms except bacteria, blue green algae, and other primitive micro organisms. | 42 | |
6971454888 | External fertilization | Release of both sperm and eggs into an external environment, sperm will fertilize the egg outside of the organism, as seen in spawning | 43 | |
6971454889 | Facilitated transport | Process in which substances are transported across cell membranes by means of protein carrier molecules | 44 | |
6971454890 | Fruit | A mature ovary of a flower that protects dormant seeds and aids in their dispersal. | 45 | |
6971454891 | Gametes | reproductive cells | 46 | |
6971454892 | Gene | A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait | 47 | |
6971454893 | Genetic engineering | the field of manipulating and changing an organism's DNA | 48 | |
6971454894 | global warming | the increase in the temperature of the earth's atmosphere caused by the greenhouse effect | 49 | |
6971454895 | Glycerol | Colorless, sweet, viscous liquid formed as a byproduct in soap manufacture | 50 | |
6971454896 | Glycogen | A substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates, polysaccharide that forms glucose on hydrolysis | 51 | |
6971454897 | Gonads | male and female sex glands | 52 | |
6971454898 | Haploid | An organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes and a set of unpaired chromosomes | 53 | |
6971454899 | Homeostasis | relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain | 54 | |
6971454900 | Homozygous | when there are two identical alleles for a trait | 55 | |
6971454901 | Hydrogen bond | A weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other | 56 | |
6971454902 | Hydrolysis | Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water | 57 | |
6971454903 | Hyphae | Branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi. | 58 | |
6971454904 | Hypothesis | An educated guess, can be tested | 59 | |
6971454905 | Incomplete dominance | Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele | 60 | |
6971454906 | Independent variable | The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied. | 61 | |
6971454907 | Innate | Natural | 62 | |
6971454908 | Insulin | A hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of langerhans that regulate the amount of glucose in the blood | 63 | |
6971454909 | Intron | Sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein | 64 | |
6971454910 | Ligand | An ion or molecule that binds to a central metal atom to form a complex, atoms with electron pairs, may be neutral or negative | 65 | |
6971454911 | Logistic growth curve | S shaped curve that can be used to model functions that increase gradually at first, more rapidly in the middle growth period, and slowly at the end, leveling off at a maximum value after some period of time | 66 | |
6971454912 | Marker proteins | Extend across the cell membrane and serve to identify the cell | 67 | |
6971454913 | Meiosis | A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores | 68 | |
6971454914 | Messenger RNA | A form of RNA in which genetic information transcribed from DNA as a sequence of bases is transferred to a ribosome | 69 | |
6971454915 | Mitochondria | An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur, has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers | 70 | |
6971454916 | Mitosis | Cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth | 71 | |
6971454917 | Mutation | A change in a gene or chromosome. | 72 | |
6971454918 | Natural selection | A natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment. | 73 | |
6971454919 | Nephron | Functional unit of the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus and tubule, through which the glomerular filtrate passes before emerging as urine | 74 | |
6971454920 | Nucleotide | A compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group, form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA | 75 | |
6971454921 | Oviduct | The tube through which an ovum or egg passes from an ovary | 76 | |
6971454922 | Pancreas | A gland near the stomach that secretes a digestive fluid into the intestine through one or more ducts and also secretes the hormone insulin | 77 | |
6971454923 | Passive transport | The transportation of materials across a plasma membrane without using energy. | 78 | |
6971454924 | Pepsin | Digestive enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins into polypeptides | 79 | |
6971454925 | Photosynthesis | the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct. | 80 | |
6971454926 | Phloem | the vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves. | 81 | |
6971454927 | Pituitary gland | the major endocrine gland. A pea-sized body attached to the base of the brain, the pituitary is important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands | 82 | |
6971454928 | Plasma | Fluid portion of blood | 83 | |
6971454929 | Plasma membrane | a microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins that forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole, and that regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm | 84 | |
6971454930 | Polar bond | A type of covalent bond between two atoms in which electrons are shared unequally, resulting in a bond in which one atom has a slightly negative charge and the other a slightly positive charge | 85 | |
6971454931 | Population | A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area | 86 | |
6971454932 | Primary productivity | rate at which energy is converted by photosynthetic and chemosynthetic autotrophs to organic substances | 87 | |
6971454933 | Prokaryotes | A microscopic single-celled organism which has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles | 88 | |
6971454934 | Protein | A molecule composed of polymers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds | 89 | |
6971454935 | Protista | A kingdom consisting of unicellular or simple multicellular organisms that possess nuclei and cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi | 90 | |
6971454936 | Replication | Copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA | 91 | |
6971454937 | Restriction enzyme | Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides | 92 | |
6971454938 | Ribosome | A sphere-shaped structure within the cytoplasm of a cell that is composed of RNA and protein and is the site of protein synthesis | 93 | |
6971454939 | Root | part of a plant that grows downward and holds the plant in place, absorbs water and minerals from the soil, and often stores food | 94 | |
6971454940 | RNA polymerase | an enzyme that synthesizes the formation of RNA from a DNA template during transcription | 95 | |
6971454941 | Sex chromosome | The sperm and egg of living things | 96 | |
6971454942 | Species | A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring. | 97 | |
6971454943 | Spindle fibers | form a protein structure that divides the genetic material in a cell | 98 | |
6971454944 | Stomata | Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move | 99 | |
6971456382 | Symbiosis | a close, long-term interaction between two different species | 100 | |
6971456383 | Taxon | group or level of organization into which organisms are classified | 101 | |
6971456384 | Transcription | process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA | 102 | |
6971456385 | Transfer RNA | type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA sequence into a protein | 103 | |
6971456386 | Translation | process in which ribosomes in a cell's cytoplasm create proteins, following transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus | 104 | |
6971456387 | Transpiration | process where plants absorb water through the roots and then give off water vapor through pores in their leaves | 105 | |
6971456388 | Uterus | organ in which the baby develops and is protected until birth | 106 | |
6971456389 | Xylem | a compound tissue in vascular plants that helps provide support and that conducts water and nutrients upward from the roots, consisting of tracheids, vessels, parenchyma cells, and woody fibers | 107 | |
6971456390 | Zygote | The cell formed by the union of a male sex cell (a sperm) and a female sex cell (an ovum) | 108 |
AP BIOLOGY Flashcards
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