Terms : Hide Images
| 12764936685 | RNA polymerase | enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template | 0 | |
| 12765095483 | transcription | synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template in a 5' to 3' direction | 1 | |
| 12764949713 | template strand | the strand of DNA that specifies the complementary mRNA molecule, read 3' to 5' | 2 | |
| 12764956969 | promoter | specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription | 3 | |
| 12764958584 | TATA box | A DNA sequence in eukaryotic promoters crucial in forming the transcription initiation complex. | 4 | |
| 12765177341 | terminator | in prokaryotes, a special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene | 5 | |
| 12764961355 | reading frame | reading mRNA nucleotides in the correct groupings. | 6 | |
| 12764969165 | transcription factors | collection of proteins that mediate the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription. | 7 | |
| 12764971249 | intron | a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule that does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes. | 8 | |
| 12764976416 | exon | a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information coding for a protein or peptide sequence. | 9 | |
| 12764978651 | 5' cap | a modified form of guanine nucleotide added onto the 5' end of a pre-mRNA molecule | 10 | |
| 12764980887 | poly-A tail | a sequence of 50-250 adenine nucleotides added onto the 3' end of a pre-mRNA molecule | 11 | |
| 12765194685 | RNA splicing | process by which the introns are removed from RNA transcripts and the remaining exons are joined together. | 12 | |
| 12765200051 | alternative RNA splicing | a type of eukaryotic gene regulation at the RNA-processing level in which different mRNA molecules are produced from the same primary transcript, depending on which RNA segments are treated as exons and which as introns. | 13 | |
| 12764983526 | spliceosome | A large complex made up of proteins and RNA molecules that splices RNA by interacting with the ends of an RNA intron, releasing the intron and joining the two adjacent exons. | 14 | |
| 12764985595 | snRNA | Found only in the nucleus of eukaryotes and functions to remove introns from mRNA | 15 | |
| 12764988119 | ribozyme | a type of RNA that can act as an enzyme | 16 | |
| 12764990540 | mRNA | A type of RNA, synthesized from DNA, that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein. | 17 | |
| 12764992849 | tRNA | An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA | 18 | |
| 12765098627 | translation | the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm | 19 | |
| 12764994880 | codon | a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule. | 20 | |
| 12764997235 | anticodon | a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA. | 21 | |
| 12765185610 | rRNA | ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome | 22 | |
| 12765005346 | ribosome | cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized. | 23 | |
| 12765008347 | A site | Amino-acyl tRNA site; the site on a ribosome where a new amino acid is added to a growing peptide. | 24 | |
| 12765012299 | P site | Peptidyl-tRNA site; the site on a ribosome where the growing peptide (attached to a tRNA) is found during translation. | 25 | |
| 12765017021 | E site | the exit site, where discharged tRNAs leave the ribosome | 26 | |
| 12765019489 | aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase | During protein synthesis, an enzyme that attaches the correct amino acid to a tRNA molecule to form a "charged" aminoacyl-tRNA. | 27 | |
| 12765021210 | wobble | Flexibility in the base-pairing rules in which the nucleotide at the 5' end of a tRNA anticodon can form hydrogen bonds with more than one kind of base in the third position of a codon. | 28 | |
| 12765053533 | direction in which mRNA is read during translation | 5' to 3' | 29 | |
| 12765024815 | release factor | a cytoplasmic protein that binds to a stop codon when it appears in the A-site of the ribosome | 30 |
