Terms : Hide Images
| 6247440095 | operon | consist of a promoter, an operator, and a cluster of genes that control gene regulation in a common pathway, "on and off" switches | 0 | |
| 6247440096 | repressible operon | operon that is normally on because the repressor is inactive | 1 | |
| 6247440097 | inducible operon | operon that is normally off because the repressor is active | 2 | |
| 6247440098 | structural gene | genes to be expressed | 3 | |
| 6247440099 | operator | a segment of DNA in the promoter region that acts as an on or off "switch" | 4 | |
| 6247440100 | repressor | a protein that binds to the operator to switch the operon off | 5 | |
| 6247440101 | inducer | inactivates the repressor (turns on the operon) | 6 | |
| 6247440102 | regulatory gene | codes for the production of the repressor protein and is found upstream of the operon | 7 | |
| 6247440103 | corepressor | works with the repressor to turn off the operon | 8 | |
| 6247440104 | catabolite activator protein (CAP) | activator of transcription, binds to cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) when sugar is scarce which *increases the affinity of RNA polymerase and accelerates transcription of lactose* | 9 | |
| 6247440105 | cellular differentiation | the formation of cells that are specialized in structure and function | 10 | |
| 6247440106 | histone acetylation | the process of acetyl groups attaching to histone tails (opens up chromatin structure) | 11 | |
| 6247440107 | DNA methylation | adding a methyl group to cytosine bases during replication, associated with inactivation of genes and reduced transcription | 12 | |
| 6247440108 | enhancer | groups of distal control elements located upstream of downstream from a gene or within an intron | 13 | |
| 6247440109 | activator | a specific protein that binds to an enhancer to stimulate gene transcription | 14 | |
| 6247440110 | transcription factors | some act as repressors by blocking the binding of activators or binding to an enhancer | 15 | |
| 6247440111 | RNA interference | the phenomenon of inhibition of gene expression by non-coding RNA molecules (a technique used to silence the expression of selected genes) | 16 | |
| 6247440112 | RNA polymerase | an enzyme that links ribonucleotides into a growing RNA chain during transcription | 17 | |
| 6247440113 | miRNA | a.k.a. microRNA, associates with one or more proteins in a complex that can degrade or prevent translation of an mRNA with a complementary sequence | 18 | |
| 6247440114 | siRNA | a.k.a. small interfering RNA, associates with one or more proteins in a complex that can degrade or prevent translation of an mRNA with a complementary sequence | 19 | |
| 6247440115 | cytoplasmic determinants | a maternal substance that when placed into an egg influences the course of early development by regulating the expression of genes that affect the developmental fate of cells | 20 | |
| 6247440116 | induction | the process in which one group of embryonic cells influences the development of another, usually by causing changes in gene epression | 21 | |
| 6247440117 | morphogenesis | the cellular and tissue based processes by which an animal body takes shape | 22 | |
| 6247440118 | proto-oncogene | a normal cellular gene that has the potential to become an oncogene | 23 | |
| 6247440119 | ras gene | a gene that codes for Ras (a G protein that relays a growth signal from a growth factor receptor on the plasma membrane to a cascade of protein kinases) ultimately resulting in stimulation of the cell cycle | 24 | |
| 6247440120 | tumor suppressor gene | a gene whose protein product inhibits cell division thereby preventing the uncontrolled cell growth that contributes to cancer | 25 | |
| 6247440121 | p53 gene | a tumor suppressor gene that codes for a specific transcription factor that promotes the synthesis of proteins that inhibit the cell cycle | 26 | |
| 6247440122 | negative feedback | inhibits expression | 27 | |
| 6247440123 | positive feedback | activates expression | 28 | |
| 6247440124 | feedback inhibition | concentration of substances present in cell either inhibit or activate expression | 29 | |
| 6247440125 | catabolic | lac operon | 30 | |
| 6247440126 | anabolic | trp operon | 31 | |
| 6247440127 | heterochromatin | harder transcription initiation | 32 | |
| 6247440128 | epigenetics | the field of science that studies heritable changes caused by the activation and deactivation of genes without any change in the underlying DNA sequence of the organism | 33 | |
| 6247440129 | epigenome | the chemical compounds that modify or mark the DNA and change the way genes are expressed | 34 | |
| 6247440130 | alternative DNA splicing | produces different mRNA molecules when different segments of the mRNA are chosen as introns or exons | 35 | |
| 6247440131 | chromatin modification | promotes the formation of heterochromatin in certain regions blocking transcription | 36 | |
| 6247440132 | cell division | the production of large numbers of cells | 37 | |
| 6247440133 | determination | the condition in which a cell is irreversibly committed to its fate, even if it has not developed its final structure | 38 | |
| 6247440134 | pattern formation | the development of a spatial organization of tissues and organs into their locations under the control of body plan genes | 39 | |
| 6247440135 | positional information | molecular cues provided by cytoplasmic determinants and inductive signals | 40 | |
| 6247440136 | HOX genes (homeotic genes) | primary genes responsible for head to toe formation | 41 | |
| 6247440137 | oncogenes | cancer causing cells | 42 | |
| 6247440138 | amplification | increasing the number of copies of the gene | 43 | |
| 6247440139 | tumor viruses | viruses that insert their DNA into the host DNA near a proto-oncogene | 44 | |
| 6247440140 | ectoderm | skin/nervous system | 45 | |
| 6247440141 | mesoderm | muscles | 46 | |
| 6247440142 | endoderm | digestive system | 47 |
